Relevance of Anatomical Significance of AV Nodal Structures within Koch's Triangle and Pyramid.

The exploration of the cardiac conduction system evolved over a century, marked by groundbreaking discoveries in atrioventricular (AV) nodal physiology. Atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT), the most prevalent regular tachycardia in humans, remains enigmatic despite extensive research. Detailed examinations of AV nodal anatomy and histology reveal variations in location and shape, influencing electrophysiological properties.

Maintenance Therapy Post-Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

High-risk acute myeloid leukemia has been associated with a poor outcome. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) represents the only curative option for eligible patients. Relapse after HSCT is a dramatic event with poor chances of survival.

How Can We Show That Artificial Intelligence May Improve Our Assessment and Management of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunctions?-ICI-RS 2024.

Aims: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into functional urology management must be assessed for its clinical utility, but hopefully will change, perhaps to revolutionize the way LUTD and other conditions are assessed, the aim being to offer patients more rapid and effective management which enhances patient outcomes. The aim of this proposal, discussed at the ICI-RS annual meeting, is to evaluate the available evidence on AI and the way it might change the approach to urodynamic (UDS) diagnoses, including overactive bladder syndrome (OAB), and perhaps other LUTDs such as bladder outflow obstruction.

Methods: A compendium of discussion based on the current evidence related to AI and its potential applications in UDS and OAB.

Effects of coagulation factors on bone cells and consequences of their absence in haemophilia a patients.

Haemophilia is associated with reduced bone mass and mineral density. Due to the rarity of the disease and the heterogeneity among the studies, the pathogenesis of bone loss is still under investigation. We studied the effects of coagulation factors on bone cells and characterized in a pilot study the osteoclastogenic potential of patients' osteoclast precursors.

Macrophages and autophagy: partners in crime.

Macrophages and autophagy are intricately linked, both playing vital roles in maintaining homeostasis and responding to disease. Macrophages, known for their 'eating' function, rely on a sophisticated digestion system to process a variety of targets, from apoptotic cells to pathogens. The connection between macrophages and autophagy is established early in their development, influencing both differentiation and mature functions.

Pediatric nursing-sensitive outcomes in lower and medium complexity care units: A Delphi study.

Background: The effectiveness of pediatric care is made more challenging to analyze by the need for specialist nursing and by the specific characteristics of pediatric patients, as opposed to adult patients, such as ongoing rapid growth and development, and different physical, cognitive, and emotional demands. Previous research has identified "Pediatric Nursing-Sensitive Outcomes" (PNSOs) in intensive care unit settings, though pediatric intensive care beds only represent a very limited percentage of hospital beds. To improve care quality and safety for a larger population of patients, this study aims to identify PNSOs in lower and medium-complexity care units (LMCCUs).

The expanding field of genetic developmental and epileptic encephalopathies: current understanding and future perspectives.

Recent advances in genetic testing technologies have revolutionised the identification of genetic abnormalities in early onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs). In this Review, we provide an update on the expanding landscape of genetic factors contributing to DEEs, encompassing over 800 reported genes. We focus on the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving epileptogenesis, with an emphasis on emerging therapeutic strategies and effective treatment options.

Revolutionizing CAR T-Cell Therapies: Innovations in Genetic Engineering and Manufacturing to Enhance Efficacy and Accessibility.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has achieved notable success in treating hematological cancers but faces significant challenges in solid-tumor treatment and overall efficacy. Key limitations include T-cell exhaustion, tumor relapse, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments (TME), immunogenicity, and antigen heterogeneity. To address these issues, various genetic engineering strategies have been proposed.

Real-World Efficacy of Biological Therapies in Severe Asthma: A Focus on Small Airways.

: Severe asthma is a challenging condition that often resists traditional treatments and requires high-dose inhaled corticosteroids and other controllers to manage uncontrolled symptoms. Recent advances include the use of biologic agents targeting specific inflammation pathways, which have improved symptom control and quality of life, although their effects on small airways remain less understood. : This prospective observational study, conducted at Tor Vergata University Hospital in Rome from July 2021 to March 2024, aims to evaluate the efficacy of treatments in patients with uncontrolled severe asthma.

Transvaginal Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (vNOTES) in Urogynecological Surgery: A Systematic Review.

Minimally invasive surgery could improve cosmetic outcomes and reduce the risks of surgical injury with less postoperative pain and a quicker patient's discharge. Recently, transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) has been introduced in urogynecology with exciting results. After PROSPERO registration (n°CRD42023406815), we performed a comprehensive literature search on Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL, including peer-reviewed studies evaluating transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery.

Great debate: pre-diabetes is not an evidence-based treatment target for cardiovascular risk reduction.

With the increasing burden of diabetes as a cause of macro- and microvascular disease linked to the epidemics of obesity, attention is being paid to dysglycaemic states that predict and precede the development of type 2 diabetes. Such conditions, termed pre-diabetes, are characterized by fasting plasma glucose, or plasma glucose levels on an oral glucose tolerance test, or values of glycated haemoglobin intermediate between 'normal' values and those characterizing diabetes. These last are by definition associated, in epidemiological terms, with a higher incidence of microvascular disease-mostly retinopathy.

Gastric Cancer in One-Anastomosis Mini-gastric Bypass: Case Report and Systematic Review.

In the last years, one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) has been proposed more frequently as obesity surgery technique. Several trials have demonstrated that the easier technical feasibility does not affect the long-term surgical result. However, concern about increased risk of gastric and esophageal cancers has been expressed by several bariatric surgeons.

Prospective evaluation of treatment strategies in patients presenting with chronic total occlusion at coronary angiogram: rationale, design and baseline data of the PETS-CTO Registry.

Background: Coronary chronic total occlusions (CTO) are associated with an increased chance of untreatable symptoms and worse prognosis. However, limited data are available about the interaction between treatment strategy, potential ischemia burden reduction and quality of life (QoL) improvement.

Methods: Our prospective registry aims to assess the potentially different impacts of treatment strategies (coronary artery bypass grafting vs.