The revival of psilocybin between scientific excitement, evidence of efficacy, and real-world challenges.

The revival of psilocybin in psychopharmacological research heralds a potential paradigm shift for treating mood and anxiety disorders, and other psychiatric conditions beyond the psychotic spectrum. This critical review evaluates current evidence on psilocybin's efficacy, juxtaposing potential benefits with the practical aspects of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) and the methodological constraints of existing research.An electronic literature search was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, selecting studies published up to December 2023 that explored the clinical use of psilocybin in mood and anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and substance use disorder.

Exploring Sex Differences in Outcomes of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy for Patients With Noncardioembolic Mild-to-Moderate Ischemic Stroke or High-Risk Transient Ischemic Attack: A Propensity-Matched Analysis of the READAPT Study Cohort.

Background: Sex may impact clinical outcomes in patients with stroke treated with dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). We aimed to investigate the sex differences in the short-term outcomes of DAPT within a real-world population of patients with noncardioembolic mild-to-moderate ischemic stroke or high-risk transient ischemic attack.

Methods: We performed a propensity score-matched analysis from a prospective multicentric cohort study (READAPT [Real-Life Study on Short-Term Dual Antiplatelet Treatment in Patients With Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack]) by including patients with noncardioembolic mild-to-moderate stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 0-10) or high-risk transient ischemic attack (age, blood pressure, clinical features, duration of transient ischemic attack, presence of diabetes [ABCD] ≥4) who initiated DAPT within 48 hours of symptom onset.

Vigabatrin-associated brain magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities and clinical symptoms in infants with tuberous sclerosis complex.

Objective: Previous retrospective studies have reported vigabatrin-associated brain abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (VABAM), although clinical impact is unknown. We evaluated the association between vigabatrin and predefined brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes in a large homogenous tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) cohort and assessed to what extent VABAM-related symptoms were reported in TSC infants.

Methods: The Dutch TSC Registry and the EPISTOP cohort provided retrospective and prospective data from 80 TSC patients treated with vigabatrin (VGB) before the age of 2 years and 23 TSC patients without VGB.

A psychometric examination of the cognitive flexibility scale and its association with Orthorexia Nervosa.

Background: The Cognitive Flexibility Scale (CFS) is a 12-item self-report questionnaire designed to assess cognitive flexibility. Despite its widespread use, its psychometric properties have yet to be evaluated in the Italian context. Furthermore, while cognitive flexibility has emerged as a central correlate in Feeding and Eating Disorders, only a limited number of studies have investigated its association with Orthorexia Nervosa (ON), a clinical condition characterized by a pathological fixation with healthy eating.

Photobiostimulation Therapy (PBST) and Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy (PEMF) in Hair Loss Treatment: Multicentric, Retrospective, Case-Control Study.

Background: The combined use of micro-needling (MND), growth factors (GFs), and low-level light/laser therapy (LLLT), here identified as photobiostimulation therapy (PBST) and pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF), is a hair loss (HL) treatment that needs to be standardized as it seems to have promising effects on hair regrowth (HR-G).

Objectives: The study compared the clinical and instrumental results obtained in patients affected by androgenic alopecia (AGA) and HL related to COVID-19 treated using PEMF combined with PBST with those obtained by only PBST.

Methods: A multicentric, retrospective, observational, case-control study was conducted.

How do we transfuse children in Italy? Results of a national survey.

Background: Adherence to optimal practices in the preparation and issuance of pediatric blood components can significantly influence patient care outcomes. This study aims to examine the blood banking procedures across prominent Italian children's hospitals, with the goal of identifying both consistent and potentially divergent standards within this field.

Materials And Methods: A survey was conducted among the blood banks affiliated with the Italian Association of Pediatric Hospitals.

Cortical Functional Connectivity Changes in the Body-First and Brain-First Subtypes of Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) may precede motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) by years. According to a recent hypothesis, premotor RBD (pRBD) is a marker of the PD body-first subtype, where synucleinopathy originates from the peripheral autonomic nervous system. Conversely, in the brain-first subtype, pathology would arise in the brain.

Impact of Pulmonary Ligament Resection in Upper Lobectomies: A Multicenter Matched Cohort Study.

: Division of the pulmonary ligament is standard in lower lobectomies, but its application in upper lobectomies remains controversial due to potential complications like atelectasis and bronchial kinking. This retrospective matched cohort study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ligament resection in upper lobectomies for oncological purposes. : From January 2015 to December 2020, 988 patients who underwent minimally invasive upper lobectomies across multiple centers were identified.

Helmet Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Acute Bronchiolitis Respiratory Failure in a Pediatric Ward: Is It a Replicable Experience?

(1) Background: Helmet Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (H-CPAP) has primarily been used in intensive care settings to treat moderate-to-severe bronchiolitis in infants. We aim to report on the feasibility of H-CPAP for selected infants with bronchiolitis in a pediatric ward. (2) Methods: A retrospective, observational, consecutive case series was studied of 26 patients who received H-CPAP on the pediatric ward from October 2022 to February 2023, including a description of patient outcomes and costs.

The Objective Response and Disease Control Rates in Patients with Liver Metastastic Breast Cancer Receiving Transarterial Radioembolization: A Meta-Analysis.

Aim: To meta-analyze the utility of transarterial radioembolization (TARE) in patients with liver metastatic breast cancer (BC), based on the objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR).

Methods: A literature search was performed retrieving studies with (1) at least 10 patients with liver metastatic BC treated with TARE and (2) adequate information to derive ORR and DCR. The ORR is the ratio between patients with liver lesions showing complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) over the total number of patients treated with TARE; the DCR is the ratio between patients with CR, PR, or stable disease (SD) over the total number of patients treated with TARE.

Safe Integration of Encorafenib plus Binimetinib with Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Melanoma Brain Metastases: a Case Report.

Background: Melanoma brain metastases represents a significant clinical challenge, frequently associated with high morbidity and mortality. Recent advancements in neuroimaging, radiation therapy, and targeted systemic therapies, specifically BRAF and MEK inhibitors, have improved the management of this condition. Nevertheless, the optimal therapeutic approach for melanoma brain metastases remains a subject of ongoing debate, with no universally accepted treatment protocol.

Psychometric properties and clinical correlates of the Frontal Behaviour Inventory in progressive supranuclear palsy: data from the PSP-NET.

Objectives: Neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as apathy, disinhibition and irritability, are common in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP). The Frontal Behaviour Inventory (FBI) is a useful instrument for the evaluation of behavioural disorders in neurodegenerative diseases. The main goal of the present study was to explore the psychometric properties of the FBI in PSP.

Stroke thrombectomy in the elderly: A propensity score matched study on a nationwide real-world registry.

Introduction: Data on safety and efficacy of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke in older patients are limited and controversial, and people aged 80 or older were under-represented in randomized trials. Our aim was to assess EVT effect for ischemic stroke patients aged ⩾80 at a nationwide level.

Patients And Methods: The cohort included stroke patients undergoing EVT from the Italian Registry of Endovascular Treatment in Acute Stroke (IRETAS).

Transient brain ischemic symptoms and the presence of ischemic lesions at neuroimaging: Results from the READAPT study.

Background: According to the literature, about one third of patients with brain ischemic symptoms lasting <24 h, which are classified as Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) according to the traditional "time-based" definition, show the presence of acute ischemic lesions at neuroimaging. Recent evidence has shown that the presence of acute ischemic lesions at neuroimaging may impact on the outcome of patients with transient ischemic symptoms treated with dual antiplatelet treatment (DAPT). This uncertainty is even more compelling in recent years as short-term DAPT has become the standard treatment for any non-cardioembolic TIA or minor ischemic stroke.

Anorexia Nervosa in Comorbidity With Borderline Personality Disorder in Adolescence: A Specific Clinical Endophenotype?

Objective: Anorexia nervosa and borderline personality disorder are often associated and share some core elements, including emotional dysregulation and affective instability. Nevertheless, the association of these two conditions in adolescence is still little studied.

Method: The present study aims at investigating, through a multidimensional assessment, the psychopathological characteristics of adolescents affected by anorexia nervosa in comorbidity with borderline personality disorder on a sample of 127 female adolescents, through the comparison with adolescents with borderline personality disorders and adolescents with anorexia nervosa.

Efficacy of percutaneous stellate ganglion block according to ventricular arrhythmia cycle length: A post hoc subanalysis of the STAR study.

Background: Data on the predictors of percutaneous stellate ganglion block (PSGB) efficacy in electrical storm are scanty.

Objective: We aimed to assess whether PSGB efficacy is influenced by the arrhythmia type and cycle length before the procedure.

Methods: This is a subanalysis of the multicenter STAR study.

Autologous cell therapy for ischemic diabetic foot: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials for the development of the Italian guidelines for the treatment of diabetic foot syndrome.

Aim: To assess the efficacy and safety of autologous cell therapy (ACT) in patients with ischemic diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). The present meta-analysis was designed to support the development of the Italian Guidelines for the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Syndrome (DFS).

Methods: A Medline and Embase search were performed up to Feb 1st, 2024 collecting all RCTs including diabetic patients or reporting subgroup analyses on diabetic patients with ischemic foot ulcers comparing ACT with placebo/no therapy/standard of care (SoC), with a duration of at least 26 weeks.

Healthcare-associated infections and nursing leadership: A systematic review.

Background: Healthcare-associated infections are strictly related to healthcare practices. A head nurse stimulates and motivates nurses, boosts nurses' job performance and satisfaction, and can influence adverse event development.

Aim: To explore the relationship between healthcare-associated infections and head nurse leadership style.