Calcium-permeable AMPA receptors govern PV neuron feature selectivity.

The brain helps us survive by forming internal representations of the external world. Excitatory cortical neurons are often precisely tuned to specific external stimuli. However, inhibitory neurons, such as parvalbumin-positive (PV) interneurons, are generally less selective.

Spontaneous Dimerization and Distinct Packing Modes of Transmembrane Domains in Receptor Tyrosine Kinases.

The insulin receptor (IR) and the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) are homodimeric transmembrane glycoproteins that transduce signals across the membrane on binding of extracellular peptide ligands. The structures of IR/IGF1R fragments in apo and liganded states have revealed that the extracellular subunits of these receptors adopt Λ-shaped configurations to which are connected the intracellular tyrosine kinase (TK) domains. The binding of peptide ligands induces structural transitions in the extracellular subunits leading to potential dimerization of transmembrane domains (TMDs) and autophosphorylation in TKs.

Transcriptomic Correlates of State Modulation in GABAergic Interneurons: A Cross-Species Analysis.

GABAergic inhibitory interneurons comprise many subtypes that differ in their molecular, anatomical, and functional properties. In mouse visual cortex, they also differ in their modulation with an animal's behavioral state, and this state modulation can be predicted from the first principal component (PC) of the gene expression matrix. Here, we ask whether this link between transcriptome and state-dependent processing generalizes across species.

Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity and Stability of Shaped Metal-Doped PtNi Electrocatalysts Evaluated in Gas Diffusion Electrode Half-Cells.

The synthesis of bimetallic and trimetallic platinum-based octahedral catalysts for the cathode of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is a particularly active area aimed at meeting technological requirements in terms of durability and cost. The electrocatalytic activity and stability of these shaped catalysts were tested at relatively high potentials (@0.9 V vs RHE) and at lower current densities using the rotating disk electrode, which is less suitable for assessing their behavior under the operating conditions of PEMFCs.

Dissecting AI-based mutation prediction in lung adenocarcinoma: A comprehensive real-world study.

Introduction: Molecular profiling of lung cancer is essential to identify genetic alterations that predict response to targeted therapy. While deep learning shows promise for predicting oncogenic mutations from whole tissue images, existing studies often face challenges such as limited sample sizes, a focus on earlier stage patients, and insufficient analysis of robustness and generalizability.

Methods: This retrospective study evaluates factors influencing mutation prediction accuracy using the large Heidelberg Lung Adenocarcinoma Cohort (HLCC), a cohort of 2356 late-stage FFPE samples.

Short-term vital parameter forecasting in the intensive care unit: A benchmark study leveraging data from patients after cardiothoracic surgery.

Patients in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) are closely and continuously monitored, and many machine learning (ML) solutions have been proposed to predict specific outcomes like death, bleeding, or organ failure. Forecasting of vital parameters is a more general approach to ML-based patient monitoring, but the literature on its feasibility and robust benchmarks of achievable accuracy are scarce. We implemented five univariate statistical models (the naïve model, the Theta method, exponential smoothing, the autoregressive integrated moving average model, and an autoregressive single-layer neural network), two univariate neural networks (N-BEATS and N-HiTS), and two multivariate neural networks designed for sequential data (a recurrent neural network with gated recurrent unit, GRU, and a Transformer network) to produce forecasts for six vital parameters recorded at five-minute intervals during intensive care monitoring.

B1-MRF: Large dynamic range MRF-based absolute mapping in the human body at 7T.

Purpose: This study aims to map the transmit magnetic field ( ) in the human body at 7T using MR fingerprinting (MRF), with a focus on achieving high accuracy and precision across a large dynamic range, particularly at low flip angles (FAs).

Methods: A FLASH-based MRF sequence (B1-MRF) with high sensitivity was developed. Phantom and in vivo abdominal imaging were performed at 7T, and the results were compared with established reference methods, including a slow but precise preparation-based method (PEX), saturated TurboFLASH (satTFL), actual flip angle imaging (AFI) and Bloch-Siegert shift (BSS).

Respiratory motion-corrected T1 mapping of the abdomen.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate an approach for motion-corrected T1 mapping of the abdomen that allows for free breathing data acquisition with 100% scan efficiency.

Materials And Methods: Data were acquired using a continuous golden radial trajectory and multiple inversion pulses. For the correction of respiratory motion, motion estimation based on a surrogate was performed from the same data used for T1 mapping.

(Re)integrating radioactive materials and waste into a global sustainable development context.

The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations, established in 2015, aim to achieve global sustainability by 2030 through the improvement of environmental, social, and economic parameters. However, unlike earlier concepts such as the Agenda 21 of 1992, the SDGs overlook radioactive waste management and related challenges of radiation itself. First, we investigate the historic consideration and unexplained disappearance of radioactive waste in earlier sustainability concepts.

Rewilding psychology.

Some commentators have recently argued that scientific psychology is overly reliant on artificial laboratory-based activities and that it undervalues field-based investigations. However, it remains unclear how a field-based programme of psychological research might be organized in a scalable way. We examine and compare two existing field-based approaches: Roger Barker's behaviour settings programme and Edwin Hutchins's distributed cognition programme.

Impact of non-reciprocal interactions on colloidal self-assembly with tunable anisotropy.

Non-reciprocal (NR) effective interactions violating Newton's third law occur in many biological systems, but can also be engineered in synthetic, colloidal systems. Recent research has shown that such NR interactions can have tremendous effects on the overall collective behavior and pattern formation, but can also influence aggregation processes on the particle scale. Here, we focus on the impact of non-reciprocity on the self-assembly of a colloidal system (originally passive) with anisotropic interactions whose character is tunable by external fields.

Consistent prokaryotic community patterns along the radial root axis of two L. landraces across two distinct field locations.

The close interconnection of plants with rhizosphere- and root-associated microorganisms is well recognized, and high expectations are raised for considering their symbioses in the breeding of future crop varieties. However, it is unclear how consistently plant-mediated selection, a potential target in crop breeding, influences microbiome members compared to selection imposed by the agricultural environment. Landraces may have traits shaping their microbiome, which were lost during the breeding of modern varieties, but knowledge about this is scarce.

Cysteines in β-lactoglobulin affects its interfacial adsorption and protein film stabilization.

Hypothesis: Disulfide bonds in proteins are strong chemical bonds forming the secondary and tertiary structure like in the dairy protein β-lactoglobulin. We hypothesize that the partial or complete removal of disulfide bonds affects the structural rearrangement of proteins caused by intra- and intermolecular interactions that in turn define the interfacial activity of proteins at oil/water interfaces. The experimental and numerical investigations contribute to the mechanistic understanding of the structure-function relationship, especially for the interfacial adsorption behavior of proteins.

Helmet Radio Frequency Phased Array Applicators Enhance Thermal Magnetic Resonance of Brain Tumors.

Thermal Magnetic Resonance (ThermalMR) integrates Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) diagnostics and targeted radio-frequency (RF) heating in a single theranostic device. The requirements for MRI (magnetic field) and targeted RF heating (electric field) govern the design of ThermalMR applicators. We hypothesize that helmet RF applicators (HPA) improve the efficacy of ThermalMR of brain tumors versus an annular phased RF array (APA).

Cardiac Troponin I-Responsive Nanocomposite Materials for Voltammetric Monitoring of Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a severe cardiovascular disease characterized by heart muscle damage due to inadequate blood supply, leading to a life-threatening risk of heart attack. Herein, we report on the design of polyaminophenol-based thin film functional polymers and their thorough optimization by electrochemical, spectroscopic, and microscopic techniques to develop a high-performance point-of-care voltammetric monitoring system. Molecularly imprinted polymer-based cTnI-responsive nanocomposite materials were prepared on an electrode surface by imprinting a specific cTnI epitope, integrating polyaminophenol electrodeposition, along with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs).

Synergistic Active Heterostructure Design for Enhanced Two Electron Oxygen Reduction via Chemical and Electrochemical Reconstruction of Heterosulfides.

Transition metal sulfides, particularly heterostructures, represent a promising class of electrocatalysts for two electron oxygen reduction (2e ORR), however, understanding the dynamic structural evolution of these catalysts during alkaline ORR remains relatively unexplored. Herein, NiS/InS heterostructure was synthesized as a precatalyst and through a series of comprehensive ex situ and in situ characterizations, including X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, transient photo-induced voltage measurements, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and spherical aberration-corrected electron microscopy, it was revealed that nickel/indium (oxy)hydroxides (NiOOH/In(OH)) could be evolved from the initial NiS/InS via both electrochemical and chemical-driven methods. The electrochemical-driven phase featured abundant bridging oxygen-deficient [NiO]-[InO] units at the interfaces of NiOOH/In(OH), facilitating a synergistic effect between active Ni and In sites, thus enabling an enhanced alkaline 2e ORR capability than that of chemical-driven process.

Citizen Views on an Opt-Out Approach to National Electronic Health Records in Germany: A Small-Scale Qualitative Study.

Objectives: Electronic health records (German: elektronische Patientenakte - ePA) are an important healthcare tool. However, in Germany, current participation remains low for their national ePA. To rectify this, the German government recently adopted an opt-out approach to their national ePA system.

Motion-BIDS: an extension to the brain imaging data structure to organize motion data for reproducible research.

We present an extension to the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) for motion data. Motion data is frequently recorded alongside human brain imaging and electrophysiological data. The goal of Motion-BIDS is to make motion data interoperable across different laboratories and with other data modalities in human brain and behavioral research.

Development of Iron-Based Single Atom Materials for General and Efficient Synthesis of Amines.

Earth abundant metal-based heterogeneous catalysts with highly active and at the same time stable isolated metal sites constitute a key factor for the advancement of sustainable and cost-effective chemical synthesis. In particular, the development of more practical, and durable iron-based materials is of central interest for organic synthesis, especially for the preparation of chemical products related to life science applications. Here, we report the preparation of Fe-single atom catalysts (Fe-SACs) entrapped in N-doped mesoporous carbon support with unprecedented potential in the preparation of different kinds of amines, which represent privileged class of organic compounds and find increasing application in daily life.

Efficacy of almond gum for coacervation with whey protein isolate- optimization, functionality and characterization: A comparison with high-methoxyl pectin.

Complex coacervates of whey protein isolate (WPI) and two polysaccharides (almond gum (AG) and high methoxyl pectin (HMP)) under the different pHs (2.5-6.0) and biopolymer mass ratios (1:1-6:1) were prepared to achieve the maximum coacervate yield (CY).

Correlation of methane production with physiological traits in IMS 101 grown with methylphosphonate at different temperatures.

The diazotrophic cyanobacterium has been recognized as a potentially significant contributor to aerobic methane generation via several mechanisms including the utilization of methylphophonate (MPn) as a source of phosphorus. Currently, there is no information about how environmental factors regulate methane production by . Here, we grew IMS101 at five temperatures ranging from 16 to 31°C, and found that its methane production rates increased with rising temperatures to peak (1.

Internal carbon recycling by heterotrophic prokaryotes compensates for mismatches between phytoplankton production and heterotrophic consumption.

Molecular observational tools are useful for characterizing the composition and genetic endowment of microbial communities but cannot measure fluxes, which are critical for the understanding of ecosystems. To overcome these limitations, we used a mechanistic inference approach to estimate dissolved organic carbon (DOC) production and consumption by phytoplankton operational taxonomic units and heterotrophic prokaryotic amplicon sequence variants and inferred carbon fluxes between members of this microbial community from Western English Channel time-series data. Our analyses focused on phytoplankton spring and summer blooms, as well as bacteria summer blooms.