154 results match your criteria: "" Sukachev Institute of Forest[Affiliation]"

International trade in plants and climate change are two of the main factors causing damaging tree pests (i.e. fungi and insects) to spread into new areas.

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Biological invasion costs reveal insufficient proactive management worldwide.

Sci Total Environ

May 2022

Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, 91405 Orsay, France. Electronic address:

The global increase in biological invasions is placing growing pressure on the management of ecological and economic systems. However, the effectiveness of current management expenditure is difficult to assess due to a lack of standardised measurement across spatial, taxonomic and temporal scales. Furthermore, there is no quantification of the spending difference between pre-invasion (e.

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The number of tree species on Earth.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

February 2022

Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907;

One of the most fundamental questions in ecology is how many species inhabit the Earth. However, due to massive logistical and financial challenges and taxonomic difficulties connected to the species concept definition, the global numbers of species, including those of important and well-studied life forms such as trees, still remain largely unknown. Here, based on global ground-sourced data, we estimate the total tree species richness at global, continental, and biome levels.

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Global maps of soil temperature.

Glob Chang Biol

May 2022

UMR 7058 CNRS 'Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés' (EDYSAN), Univ. de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.

Article Synopsis
  • Research discusses how current global climate models are based on air temperatures but fail to capture the soil temperatures beneath vegetation where many species thrive.
  • New global maps present soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at 1-km resolution for specific depths, revealing that mean annual soil temperatures can differ significantly from air temperatures by up to 10°C.
  • The findings indicate that relying on air temperature could misrepresent climate impacts on ecosystems, especially in colder regions, highlighting the need for more precise soil temperature data for ecological studies.
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A new species of leaf-mining moth described here as Kirichenko, Akulov & Triberti, was detected in large numbers feeding on (Fabaceae) in the Republic of Khakassia (Russia) in 2020. A morphological diagnosis of adults, bionomics and DNA barcoding data of the new species are provided. The developmental stages (larva, pupa, adult), male and female genitalia, as well as the leaf mines and the infestation plot in Khakassia are illustrated; the pest status of the new species in the studied region is discussed.

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Dendroclimatic research offers insight into tree growth-climate response as a solution to the forward problem and provides reconstructions of climatic variables as products of the reverse problem. Methodological developments in dendroclimatology have led to the inclusion of a variety of tree growth parameters in this field. Tree-ring traits developed during short time intervals of a growing season can potentially provide a finer temporal scale of both dendroclimatic applications and offer a better understanding of the mechanisms of tree growth reaction to climatic variations.

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Rapid changes in the hydrological and temperature regimes over the past decades at the northern latitudes enhance significantly permafrost degradation accelerating carbon release, increase the frequency of drought events and extensive wildfires. However, the mechanisms and dynamics driving drought events and their influence on Siberian forests are currently the subject of numerous research activities. Newly developed and annually resolved stable carbon and oxygen isotope chronologies of larch tree-ring cellulose (δC and δO) for the period 516-2009 CE allowed the reconstruction of July precipitation and Arctic Oscillation (AO) in May, respectively.

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Recent publications have argued that there are potentially serious consequences for researchers in recognising distinct genera in the terminal fusarioid clade of the family . Thus, an alternate hypothesis, namely a very broad concept of the genus was proposed. In doing so, however, a significant body of data that supports distinct genera in based on morphology, biology, and phylogeny is disregarded.

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Regional and local climate change depends on continentality, orography, and human activities. In particular, local climate modification by water reservoirs can reach far from shore and downstream. Among the possible ecological consequences are shifts in plant performance.

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Since the collapse of the Soviet Union and transition to a new forest inventory system, Russia has reported almost no change in growing stock (+ 1.8%) and biomass (+ 0.6%).

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Tree-ring chronologies underpin the majority of annually-resolved reconstructions of Common Era climate. However, they are derived using different datasets and techniques, the ramifications of which have hitherto been little explored. Here, we report the results of a double-blind experiment that yielded 15 Northern Hemisphere summer temperature reconstructions from a common network of regional tree-ring width datasets.

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Biological Strategies of Invasive Bark Beetles and Borers Species.

Insects

April 2021

Scientific Laboratory of Forest Health, Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, Krasnoyarskii Rabochii Prospekt. 31, 660037 Krasnoyarsk, Russia.

The present study attempts to identify the biological characteristics of invasive (high-impact in the secondary area) bark beetles and borers species, contributing to their success in an invaded area. We selected 42 species based on the CABI website data on invasive species and information on the most studied regional faunas. Four groups of species with different invasion strategies were identified based on the cluster and factor analysis.

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Article Synopsis
  • Armillaria species are significant global pathogens that can form large, long-lasting clones and spread both through spores and specialized structures called rhizomorphs.
  • Researchers investigated the virus infections in Armillaria isolates from three species and discovered both negative and positive-sense RNA viruses, with no dsRNA viruses identified.
  • The study identified potential new virus families and showed that thermal treatment can cure Armillaria isolates of these viruses, allowing further study on their impact on host growth and characteristics.
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We contend that the exclusive focus on the English language in scientific research might hinder effective communication between scientists and practitioners or policy makers whose mother tongue is non-English. This barrier in scientific knowledge and data transfer likely leads to significant knowledge gaps and may create biases when providing global patterns in many fields of science. To demonstrate this, we compiled data on the global economic costs of invasive alien species reported in 15 non-English languages.

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Forward Modeling Reveals Multidecadal Trends in Cambial Kinetics and Phenology at Treeline.

Front Plant Sci

January 2021

Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.

Significant alterations of cambial activity might be expected due to climate warming, leading to growing season extension and higher growth rates especially in cold-limited forests. However, assessment of climate-change-driven trends in intra-annual wood formation suffers from the lack of direct observations with a timespan exceeding a few years. We used the Vaganov-Shashkin process-based model to: (i) simulate daily resolved numbers of cambial and differentiating cells; and (ii) develop chronologies of the onset and termination of specific phases of cambial phenology during 1961-2017.

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Article Synopsis
  • Climate warming is expected to raise treelines by increasing temperatures and extending the growing season, but there's limited data on how this will affect tree growth on an annual basis.
  • A study using tree-ring data from Eurasia and the Americas found that while temperature and growth rates were positively linked during the 20th century, this relationship varies based on tree age and other local factors.
  • Future simulations predict that as the growing season continues to lengthen in the 21st century, tree growth may become less reliant on temperature increases, potentially influencing ecosystem dynamics in cold regions and altering responses to climate change.
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The pine looper is one of the most widespread phyllophagous insect species across Northern Eurasia, defoliating Scots pine forests over vast territories. Since there are not enough long-term documented observations on a series of outbreaks, there is a need for methods allowing them to be reconstructed to study their dynamics patterns. Previously, dendrochronological methods were successfully used to solve such issues.

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The vast territory of East Asia, including southwestern Beringia, is considered to have been almost ice free during the Pleistocene. Cold-resistant flora may have persisted in this region expanding or contracting its range during the climate cooling. Only a few plant genera have been studied with a sampling area across their entire geographic range in East Asia; therefore, the understanding of the biogeographic history of alpine flora in this region remains limited.

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The hydraulic properties of xylem determine the ability of plants to efficiently and safely provide water to their leaves. These properties are key to understanding plant responses to environmental conditions and evaluating their fate under a rapidly changing climate. However, their assessment is hindered by the challenges of quantifying basic hydraulic components such as bordered pits and tracheids.

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Metabolic activity of cryogenic soils in the subarctic zone of Siberia towards "green" bioplastics.

Chemosphere

January 2021

Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny Pr, Krasnoyarsk, Russia, 660041; Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia. Electronic address:

The present study investigates, for the first time, the structure of the microbial community of cryogenic soils in the subarctic region of Siberia and the ability of the soil microbial community to metabolize degradable microbial bioplastic - poly-3-hydroxybutyrate [P(3HB)]. When the soil thawed, with the soil temperature between 5-7 and 9-11 °C, the total biomass of microorganisms at a 10-20-cm depth was 226-234 mg g soil and CO production was 20-46 mg g day. The total abundance of microscopic fungi varied between (7.

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Although the effect of pollution on forest health and decline received much attention in the 1980s, it has not been considered to explain the 'Divergence Problem' in dendroclimatology; a decoupling of tree growth from rising air temperatures since the 1970s. Here we use physical and biogeochemical measurements of hundreds of living and dead conifers to reconstruct the impact of heavy industrialisation around Norilsk in northern Siberia. Moreover, we develop a forward model with surface irradiance forcing to quantify long-distance effects of anthropogenic emissions on the functioning and productivity of Siberia's taiga.

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Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) mitochondrial genome assembled using both short and long nucleotide sequence reads is currently the largest known mitogenome.

BMC Genomics

September 2020

Laboratory of Forest Genomics, Genome Research and Education Center, Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia.

Background: Plant mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) can be structurally complex while their size can vary from ~ 222 Kbp in Brassica napus to 11.3 Mbp in Silene conica. To date, in comparison with the number of plant species, only a few plant mitogenomes have been sequenced and released, particularly for conifers (the Pinaceae family).

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Newly developed millennial δC larch tree-ring chronology from Siberia allows reconstruction of summer (July) vapor pressure deficit (VPD) changes in a temperature-limited environment. VPD increased recently, but does not yet exceed the maximum values reconstructed during the Medieval Warm Anomaly. The most humid conditions in the Siberian North were recorded in the Early Medieval Period and during the Little Ice Age.

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De novo sequencing, assembly and functional annotation of Armillaria borealis genome.

BMC Genomics

September 2020

Laboratory of Forest Genomics, Genome Research and Education Center, Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 660036, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.

Background: Massive forest decline has been observed almost everywhere as a result of negative anthropogenic and climatic effects, which can interact with pests, fungi and other phytopathogens and aggravate their effects. Climatic changes can weaken trees and make fungi, such as Armillaria more destructive. Armillaria borealis (Marxm.

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The Central Siberian Plateau is undergoing rapid climate change that has resulted in increased frequency of forest fires and subsequent alteration of watershed carbon and nutrient dynamics. Across a watershed chronosequence (3 to >100 years since wildfire) we quantified the effects of fire on quantity and composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM), stream water nutrient concentrations, as well as in-stream nutrient uptake. Wildfires increased concentrations of nitrate for a decade, while decreasing concentrations of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen (DOC and DON) and aliphatic DOM contribution for five decades.

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