Clinical practice guidelines for management of disseminated intravascular coagulation in Japan 2024. Part 3: solid cancers and vascular abnormalities.

This study discusses disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) associated with solid cancers and various vascular abnormalities, both of which generally exhibit chronic DIC patterns. Solid cancers are among the most significant underlying diseases that induce DIC. However, the severity, bleeding tendency, and progression of DIC vary considerably depending on the type and stage of the cancer, making generalization difficult.

A Giant Aneurysm of Vieussens' Arterial Ring With Pulmonary Artery Fistula.

A 79-year-old woman presented with a systolic murmur and dyspnea on exertion. Transthoracic echocardiography and multidetector-row computed tomography revealed a giant aneurysm in an abnormal vessel known as Vieussens' arterial ring (VAR). A pulmonary artery VAR fistula was also observed.

Evaluation of (Shared) Autonomy in Robot-Assisted Vitreoretinal Surgery Using a Surgical Model.

Background: Robot-assisted vitreoretinal surgery makes it easier for the surgeons to perform precise and dexterous manipulations required in vitreoretinal procedures.

Methods: We systematically evaluated manual surgery, conventional two-hand teleoperation, a novel one-hand teleoperation, and automation in a needle positioning task using a realistic surgical eye model, measuring the expert surgeon's performances and the novice's learning curves.

Results: The proposed one-hand teleoperation improved the positioning accuracy of expert surgeons , enabled novices to achieve a consistent accuracy more quickly , decreased the novice's workload more quickly , and made it easier for novices to learn to conduct the task quickly .

Identification of key gene signatures for predicting chemo-immunotherapy efficacy in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer using machine learning.

Objectives: The lack of definitive biomarkers presents a significant challenge for chemo-immunotherapy in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). We aimed to identify key genes associated with chemo-immunotherapy efficacy in ES-SCLC through comprehensive gene expression analysis using machine learning (ML).

Methods: A prospective multicenter cohort of patients with ES-SCLC who received first-line chemo-immunotherapy was analyzed.

Prediction of cccDNA dynamics in hepatitis B patients by a combination of serum surrogate markers.

Quantification of intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) is a key for evaluating an elimination of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in infected patients. However, quantifying cccDNA requires invasive methods such as a liver biopsy, which makes it impractical to access the dynamics of cccDNA in patients. Although HBV RNA and HBV core-related antigens (HBcrAg) have been proposed as surrogate markers for evaluating cccDNA activity, they do not necessarily estimate the amount of cccDNA.

New naphthalene-linked pyrazoline-thiazole hybrids as prominent antilung and antibreast cancer inhibitors.

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), pioneer members of the receptor tyrosine kinase subfamily, are frequently mutated and/or overexpressed in several types of human cancers, including nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and breast cancer, which are leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. EGFR and HER2-focused anti-NSCLC and antibreast cancer studies encouraged us to search for new potential agents. For this purpose, in the current work, naphthalene-linked pyrazoline-thiazole hybrids (- and -) were synthesized and examined for their antiproliferative effects on A549 NSCLC and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines.

Long-term intake of Tamogi-take mushroom (Pleurotus cornucopiae) mitigates age-related cardiovascular dysfunction and extends healthy life expectancy.

Age-related declines in cardiac function and exercise tolerance interfere with healthy living and decrease healthy life expectancy in older individuals. Tamogi-take mushrooms (Pleurotus cornucopiae) are known to contain high levels of Ergothioneine (EGT), an antioxidant with potential health benefits. In this study, we assessed the possibility that long-term consumption of Tamogi-take mushrooms might attenuate age-related decline in cardiac and vascular endothelial function in mice.

Autonomous ribosome biogenesis in vitro.

Ribosome biogenesis is pivotal in the self-replication of life. In Escherichia coli, three ribosomal RNAs and 54 ribosomal proteins are synthesized and subjected to cooperative hierarchical assembly facilitated by numerous accessory factors. Realizing ribosome biogenesis in vitro is a critical milestone for understanding the self-replication of life and creating artificial cells.

Toxicity of nickel, copper, and selenium in medaka embryos (oryzias latipes): a comparative study.

The indispensability of biometals nickel, copper, and selenium in pharmaceutical, agricultural, and other industrial applications, coupled with their release from mining processes, has made them potent environmental contaminants, especially when present in aquatic ecosystems at levels above the essential range. The toxicity of these biometals in fish embryogenesis, including their toxicity levels, was studied using medaka embryos. Test solutions (0.

Long-Term Effect of Tafamidis on Clinical Parameters and Prognostic Predictors in Patients With Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy.

Background: Accurate prediction of prognosis in transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is crucial for optimal treatment selection, including tafamidis, the only approved therapy for ATTR-CM. Although tafamidis has been proven to improve prognosis, the long-term serial changes in comprehensive parameters related to ATTR-CM, including cardiac biomarkers and imaging parameters, under tafamidis remain unknown.

Methods And Results: In this study, we used Cox regression analysis on data from 258 consecutive patients diagnosed with ATTR-CM at Kumamoto University to determine prognostic factors.

Association Between Antibiotic Exposure During Pregnancy and Postpartum Depressive Symptoms: The Japan Environment and Children's Study.

Postpartum depressive symptoms (PDS) are a common mental health condition among women after delivery. Although various causative factors have been reported, PDS remains a challenging condition to predict and prevent. The disruption of the gut microbiota due to antibiotic exposure has been reported to affect psychiatric conditions.

Green tea consumption and cerebral white matter lesions in community-dwelling older adults without dementia.

This study investigated the association between green tea or coffee consumption with cerebral white matter lesions and hippocampal and total brain volumes among 8766 community-dwelling participants recruited from the Japan Prospective Studies Collaboration for Aging and Dementia between 2016 and 2018. A Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to assess green tea and coffee consumption, whereas brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed to assess cerebral white matter lesions, hippocampal volume, and total brain volume. Multivariable-adjusted analysis revealed significant correlations between fewer cerebral white matter lesions and higher green tea consumption, whereas no significant differences were found between green tea consumption and hippocampal or total brain volume.

Lattice-guided growth of dense arrays of aligned transition metal dichalcogenide nanoribbons with high catalytic reactivity.

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit unique properties and potential applications when reduced to one-dimensional (1D) nanoribbons (NRs), owing to quantum confinement and high edge densities. However, effective growth methods for self-aligned TMD NRs are still lacking. We demonstrate a versatile approach for lattice-guided growth of dense, aligned MoS NR arrays via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on anisotropic sapphire substrates, without tailored surface steps.

Synthesis of Nanosheets from Layered Bismuth Oxide BiSrCaFeO without Using Organic Exfoliation Agents.

Bismuth oxide nanosheets were synthesized through the exfoliation of layered compounds without any organic exfoliation agents. The layered compound BiSrCaFeO, comprising Bi-O layers and Sr-Ca-Fe-O layers, was synthesized as the starting material. The Sr-Ca-Fe-O layers were selectively dissolved by shaking the compound in 0.

A Spectroscopy Solution for Contactless Conductivity Detection in Capillary Electrophoresis.

This paper introduces a novel contactless single-chip detector that utilizes impedance-to-digital conversion technology to measure impedance in the microfluidic channel or capillary format analytical device. The detector is designed to operate similarly to capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detectors for capillary electrophoresis or chromatography but with the added capability of performing frequency sweeps up to 200 kHz. At each recorded data point, impedance and phase-shift data can be extracted, which can be used to generate impedance versus frequency plots, or phase-shift versus frequency plots.

Tumorigenesis Caused by Aberrant Expression of GANP, a Central Component in the Mammalian TREX-2 Complex-Lessons from Transcription-Coupled DNA Damages.

DNA is frequently damaged by genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation, reactive oxygen species, and nitrogen species. DNA damage is a key contributor to cancer initiation and progression, and thus the precise and timely repair of these harmful lesions is required. Recent studies revealed transcription as a source of genome instability, and transcription-coupled DNA damage has been a focus in cancer research.

International Validation of Echocardiographic AI Amyloid Detection Algorithm.

Background: Diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is often missed or delayed due to confusion with other causes of increased left ventricular wall thickness. Conventional transthoracic echocardiographic measurements like global longitudinal strain (GLS) has shown promise in distinguishing CA, but with limited specificity. We conducted a study to investigate the performance of a computer vision detection algorithm in across multiple international sites.

Deep Learning Reconstruction for Enhanced Resolution and Image Quality in Breath-Hold MRCP: A Preliminary Study.

Objective: This preliminary study aims to assess the image quality of enhanced-resolution deep learning reconstruction (ER-DLR) in magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and compare it with non-ER-DLR MRCP images.

Methods: Our retrospective study incorporated 34 patients diagnosed with biliary and pancreatic disorders. We obtained MRCP images using a single breath-hold MRCP on a 3T MRI system.

Usefulness of Dual-Energy CT for Differentiating Hemorrhage From Iodine Extravasation in Meningiomas After Preoperative Embolization.

Objective: Discriminating between hemorrhage and iodine extravasation can pose challenges in conventional computed tomography (CCT) images following preoperative embolization for meningioma. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) in differentiating hemorrhage from iodine extravasation after preoperative embolization for meningioma.

Methods: Twenty-one consecutive meningioma patients who underwent CCT before and DECT immediately after preoperative embolization were included in this study.

Blood DNA virome associates with autoimmune diseases and COVID-19.

Aberrant immune responses to viral pathogens contribute to pathogenesis, but our understanding of pathological immune responses caused by viruses within the human virome, especially at a population scale, remains limited. We analyzed whole-genome sequencing datasets of 6,321 Japanese individuals, including patients with autoimmune diseases (psoriasis vulgaris, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) or multiple sclerosis) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), or healthy controls. We systematically quantified two constituents of the blood DNA virome, endogenous HHV-6 (eHHV-6) and anellovirus.

Identifying non-responders to cardiac resynchronization therapy in the non-left bundle branch block.

Background: Non-response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an important issue in the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and non-left bundle branch block (LBBB). Electrocardiogram-gated myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography imaging (G-MPI SPECT) is typically used to assess left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony. This study aimed to determine whether G-MPI parameters are associated with non-responsiveness to CRT.

A multicenter study on TROP2 as a potential targeted therapy for extramammary Paget disease in Japan.

Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is a rare skin cancer that typically occurs in the anogenital area of older people. Since efficacy of treatments for metastatic or unresectable EMPD remains poor, development of a novel therapeutic approach is strongly desired. However, the lack of EMPD models has hampered investigation of EMPD.