Electrically driven kinklike distorting waves in microsized liquid crystals.

Electrically driven kinklike distortion regimes in a microsized liquid crystal channel have been investigated both experimentally and analytically. Kinklike distortion waves were excited by the interaction between the electric field E and the gradient ∇n[over ̂] of the director field in a homogeneously aligned liquid crystal (HALC) channel. Having obtained the evolution of the normalized light intensity, which was recorded by the high-speed camera, the process of excitation and evolution of the traveling wave in the HALC channel was visualized for the first time.

[Cognitive impairment and tactics of using the drug Cerebrolysin. Resolution of the International Council of Experts (May 12, 2023)].

The aging of the population and the associated increase in the share of cognitive impairments in the structure of a wide range of diseases are a serious challenge for modern healthcare. Difficulties in the treatment of cognitive disorders are determined by many factors, including the age of patients, comorbidity, forced polypragmasia and the adequacy of the dosage of drugs that restore cognitive activity. The experts discussed information about the therapeutic potential of the drug Cerebrolysin in the treatment of cognitive disorders of various origins, stated significant experience of its effective and safe use in many clinical studies in mild and moderate forms of dementia.

Studying perceptual bias in favor of the from-above Necker cube perspective in a goal-directed behavior.

When viewing a completely ambiguous image, different interpretations can switch involuntarily due to internal top-down processing. In the case of the Necker cube, an entirely ambiguous stimulus, observers often display a bias in perceptual switching between two interpretations based on their perspectives: one with a from-above perspective (FA) and the other with a from-below perspective (FB). Typically, observers exhibit a priori top-down bias in favor of the FA interpretation, which may stem from a statistical tendency in everyday life where we more frequently observe objects from above.

5-Nitrofuran-Tagged Oxazolyl Pyrazolopiperidines: Synthesis and Activity against ESKAPE Pathogens.

A series of eight 5-nitrofuran-tagged oxazolyl tetrahydropyrazolopyridines (THPPs) has been prepared in six stages with excellent regioselectivity. The testing of these compounds against pathogens of the ESKAPE panel showed a good activity of lead compound 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-(5-nitro-2-furoyl)-3-(1,3-oxazol-5-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-pyrazolo[4,3-c] pyridine (), which is superior to nitrofurantoin. These results confirmed the benefit of combining a THPP scaffold with a nitrofuran warhead.

First Record of the Genus Voss, 1958 (Coleoptera: Rhynchitidae) from Eocene Baltic Amber with a List of Fossil Tooth-Nosed Snout Weevils.

A new species of the genus (Rhynchitini, Rhynchitina) is described from Baltic amber. Legalov, Bukejs et Alekseev sp. n.

Topology switching during window thresholding fMRI-based functional networks of patients with major depressive disorder: Consensus network approach.

We present a novel method for analyzing brain functional networks using functional magnetic resonance imaging data, which involves utilizing consensus networks. In this study, we compare our approach to a standard group-based method for patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) and a healthy control group, taking into account different levels of connectivity. Our findings demonstrate that the consensus network approach uncovers distinct characteristics in network measures and degree distributions when considering connection strengths.

Accessing Properties of Molecular Compounds Involved in Cellular Metabolic Processes with Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, Raman Spectroscopy, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry.

In this work, we review some physical methods of macroscopic experiments, which have been recently argued to be promising for the acquisition of valuable characteristics of biomolecular structures and interactions. The methods we focused on are electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. They were chosen since it can be shown that they are able to provide a mutually complementary picture of the composition of cellular envelopes (with special attention paid to mycobacteria), transitions between their molecular patterning, and the response to biologically active substances (reactive oxygen species and their antagonists-antioxidants-as considered in our case study).

Non-invasive EEG-based BCI spellers from the beginning to today: a mini-review.

The defeat of the central motor neuron leads to the motor disorders. Patients lose the ability to control voluntary muscles, for example, of the upper limbs, which introduces a fundamental dissonance in the possibility of daily use of a computer or smartphone. As a result, the patients lose the ability to communicate with other people.

Antimicrobial Potential of Aqueous Extract of Giant Sword Fern and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Analysis.

Vibriosis and parasitic leech infestations cause the death of various farmed fish, such as groupers, hybrid groupers, sea bass, etc., in Malaysia and other Southeast Asian countries. In the absence of natural control agents, aquaculture operators rely on toxic chemicals to control Vibrio infections and parasitic leeches, which can have a negative impact on the environment and health.

Properties of Resorbable Conduits Based on Poly(L-Lactide) Nanofibers and Chitosan Fibers for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration.

New tubular conduits have been developed for the regeneration of peripheral nerves and the repair of defects that are larger than 3 cm. The conduits consist of a combination of poly(L-lactide) nanofibers and chitosan composite fibers with chitin nanofibrils. In vitro studies were conducted to assess the biocompatibility of the conduits using human embryonic bone marrow stromal cells (FetMSCs).

Diffusion-Limited Processes in Hydrogels with Chosen Applications from Drug Delivery to Electronic Components.

Diffusion is one of the key nature processes which plays an important role in respiration, digestion, and nutrient transport in cells. In this regard, the present article aims to review various diffusion approaches used to fabricate different functional materials based on hydrogels, unique examples of materials that control diffusion. They have found applications in fields such as drug encapsulation and delivery, nutrient delivery in agriculture, developing materials for regenerative medicine, and creating stimuli-responsive materials in soft robotics and microrobotics.

Adipocyte- and Monocyte-Mediated Vicious Circle of Inflammation and Obesity (Review of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms).

Monocytes play a key role in the development of metabolic syndrome, and especially obesity. Given the complex features of their development from progenitor cells, whose regulation is mediated by their interactions with bone marrow adipocytes, the importance of a detailed study of the heterogeneous composition of monocytes at the molecular and systemic levels becomes clear. Research argues for monocytes as indicators of changes in the body's metabolism and the possibility of developing therapeutic strategies to combat obesity and components of metabolic syndrome based on manipulations of the monocyte compound of the immune response.

Mitochondrial Dysfunction Associated with mtDNA in Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a precursor to the major health diseases associated with high mortality in industrialized countries: cardiovascular disease and diabetes. An important component of the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome is mitochondrial dysfunction, which is associated with tissue hypoxia, disruption of mitochondrial integrity, increased production of reactive oxygen species, and a decrease in ATP, leading to a chronic inflammatory state that affects tissues and organ systems. The mitochondrial AAA + protease Lon (Lonp1) has a broad spectrum of activities.

Experimental study on stabilometric complex for terrainkur in overweight people.

Overweight and obesity is a multifactorial, multisystem disease declared a global epidemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) as early as in 1997. At least 30% of the working-age population in Russia is overweight. Only the use of physical activity as an integral (basic) part of obesity treatment and maintenance of the body weight achieved in the course of treatment can achieve durable and long-lasting treatment results as well as significant changes in the body structure (fat/non-fat body weight ratio).

Abnormal spectral and scale-free properties of resting-state EEG in girls with Rett syndrome.

Spontaneous EEG contains important information about neuronal network properties that is valuable for understanding different neurological and psychiatric conditions. Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder, caused by mutation in the MECP2 gene. RTT is characterized by severe motor impairments that prevent adequate assessment of cognitive functions.

Role of Angiopoietic Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Ischemic Cardiomyopathy.

Background: The angiopoietic endothelial dysfunction in ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICMP) remains unexplored.

Aim: The identification of the imbalance of endothelial dysfunction mediators and the number of endothelial progenitor (EPC) and desquamated (EDC) cells in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) with and without ICMP.

Methods: A total of 87 patients (47 with ICMP and 40 without ICMP) were observed.

ECLAPTE: Effective Closure of LAParoTomy in Emergency-2023 World Society of Emergency Surgery guidelines for the closure of laparotomy in emergency settings.

Laparotomy incisions provide easy and rapid access to the peritoneal cavity in case of emergency surgery. Incisional hernia (IH) is a late manifestation of the failure of abdominal wall closure and represents frequent complication of any abdominal incision: IHs can cause pain and discomfort to the patients but also clinical serious sequelae like bowel obstruction, incarceration, strangulation, and necessity of reoperation. Previous guidelines and indications in the literature consider elective settings and evidence about laparotomy closure in emergency settings is lacking.

Investigating the influence of functional electrical stimulation on motor imagery related μ-rhythm suppression.

Background: Motor Imagery (MI) is a well-known cognitive technique that utilizes the same neural circuits as voluntary movements. Therefore, MI practice is widely used in sport training and post-stroke rehabilitation. The suppression of the μ-rhythm in electroencephalogram (EEG) is a conventional marker of sensorimotor cortical activation during motor imagery.

Source control in emergency general surgery: WSES, GAIS, SIS-E, SIS-A guidelines.

Intra-abdominal infections (IAI) are among the most common global healthcare challenges and they are usually precipitated by disruption to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Their successful management typically requires intensive resource utilization, and despite the best therapies, morbidity and mortality remain high. One of the main issues required to appropriately treat IAI that differs from the other etiologies of sepsis is the frequent requirement to provide physical source control.

Efficacy and safety of the dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide for weight loss: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objectives: Tirzepatide is a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist approved for type 2 diabetes. We performed a meta-analysis to assess tirzepatide's weight reduction efficacy and safety.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane for randomized controlled trials published from inception to July 2022, comparing tirzepatide with placebo for the co-primary endpoints of absolute and percent change in weight.

Substrate-Controlled Three-Component Synthesis of Diverse Fused Heterocycles.

A chemoselective strategy toward a variety of fused heterocyclic scaffolds relying on a three-component condensation of heterocyclic ketene aminals (HKAs) or corresponding thioaminals with aryl glyoxals and cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds has been developed and explored. Depending on the applied combination of substrates, the strategy can be tuned to provide straightforward access to imidazo[1,2-]quinoline, pyrrolo[1,2-]imidazole, and pyrrolo[2,1-]thiazole frameworks.

Anxiety, Stress Perception, and Coping Strategies among Students with COVID-19 Exposure.

: Studying anxiety, stress, and coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic is crucial to mitigate the negative effects associated with infection risk and disease consequences. : This study aimed to investigate anxiety levels, stress perception, and coping strategies in relation to the presence of illness. : A cross-sectional online survey was conducted anonymously among 3950 university students from Poland (1822), Lithuania (232), and the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad (1896).

On the minimal elements of the genetic code and their semiotic functions (degeneracy, complementarity, wobbling).

We address semiotic features of genetic coding, primarily the mechanisms for distinguishing between triplets. It implies that the minimal elements that allow codon recognition and amino acid coding should be identified. Half a century ago, linguist Roman Jakobson and microbiologist François Jacob revealed functional similarities between nucleotides in the genetic code and phonemes in natural language.