Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir, ritonavir)
Research Synopsis
- * A systematic review (August 2024) confirmed that Paxlovid shortens hospital stays and improves viral clearance without affecting COVID-19 rebound rates compared to controls.
- * Research indicates that the medication is underutilized in regions like Singapore, where despite subsidies, awareness and willingness to request treatment remain low due to perceived side effects and mild COVID-19 views.
- * In immunocompromised populations, Paxlovid shows benefits in enhancing viral clearance, although concerns over its effectiveness and drug interactions remain prevalent, particularly with medications metabolized by CYP3A enzymes.
- * Recent studies emphasize that while Paxlovid is generally safe, it can lead to increased toxicity in patients taking concurrent medications such as tacrolimus, necessitating careful monitoring.
- * Early treatments, including Paxlovid, are critical for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, particularly in kidney transplant recipients where reducing viral shedding can improve outcomes.
- * The scientific community continues to seek new antiviral candidates alongside existing ones like Paxlovid to address emerging variants and enhance overall effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2.
- * Despite evidence supporting the efficacy of Paxlovid, concerns about its diminishing clinical effectiveness during later stages of illness and the emergence of variants highlight the urgency for ongoing research and development of alternative therapies.
- * Community surveys show that education and trust in healthcare systems are key to increasing Paxlovid acceptance, while focused efforts on addressing concerns around side effects may improve uptake.
- * Future research is needed to better understand potential cardiovascular risks associated with Paxlovid and to optimize its use among diverse patient populations, especially vulnerable groups.
Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir, ritonavir)
Artificial intelligence-aiding lab-on-a-chip workforce designed oral [3.1.0] bi and [4.2.0] tricyclic catalytic interceptors inhibiting multiple SARS-CoV-2 protomers assisted by double-shell deep learning.
London, UK
2 hours ago
1 Received
- The Edisonian approach to drug development, which involves trial and error, struggles with the risk of creating ineffective or harmful drugs, particularly against emerging pandemics like COVID-19, due to limitations in current antiviral treatments and the challenges posed by declining birth rates and an aging workforce in science.* ! -
- Despite some existing antivirals (Remdesivir, Molnupiravir, Paxlovid) showing moderate effectiveness, there's a critical need for new antiviral drugs and advanced technology to effectively target and disable the coronavirus’s proteins.* ! -
- Research efforts focus on creating innovative drug candidates by designing compounds that follow Lipinski's rule of druglikeness but with fewer rotational bonds to enhance their ability to inhibit viral
$100 - $150
Hourly Rate
Characterizing Long COVID in Children and Adolescents.
London, UK
2 hours ago
1 Received
- Research highlights a critical gap in understanding long COVID (PASC) in children and emphasizes the need for studies that define its characteristics in this age group.
- The objective is to identify common prolonged symptoms in children aged 6 to 17 post-SARS-CoV-2 infection, examining differences between school-age kids and adolescents, as well as potential symptom clusters for future research.
- A multicenter study involved nearly 5,000 participants, revealing that certain symptoms were significantly more prevalent in those with a history of COVID-19 compared to those without.
$100 - $150
Hourly Rate
Insights from a community-based survey on factors influencing acceptance and uptake of Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir and ritonavir) as a COVID-19 antiviral medication in Singapore.
London, UK
2 hours ago
1 Received
- Antiviral treatment, like Paxlovid, can effectively reduce COVID-19 impact, but its usage isn't optimal in Singapore, despite full subsidies for certain demographics.
- A survey conducted in 2022 revealed that 54% of respondents knew about Paxlovid, with 75% willing to take it if prescribed but only 38% willing to request it without a doctor's prompt.
- Awareness and acceptance factors included age, education, trust in healthcare providers and government, perceived risk and severity of COVID-19; major concerns for non-acceptance were side effects, costs, and viewing COVID-19 as mild.
$100 - $150
Hourly Rate
Clinical features and outcomes in kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 pneumonia: a single center retrospective cohort study.
London, UK
2 hours ago
1 Received
- The study analyzed 64 kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) who were hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia to understand their symptoms and treatment outcomes.
- Common symptoms included fever, cough, and muscle pain, with the antiviral medications paxlovid and molnupiravir showing effective results in reducing the duration of virus shedding when used early.
- After 6 months of recovery, the overall kidney function in these patients remained stable, suggesting that COVID-19 had a limited short-term impact on their renal health.
$100 - $150
Hourly Rate
A Structural Comparison of Oral SARS-CoV-2 Drug Candidate Ibuzatrelvir Complexed with the Main Protease (M) of SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV.
London, UK
2 hours ago
1 Received
- Ibuzatrelvir, a new drug by Pfizer, is in phase III clinical trials as a potential replacement for Paxlovid in treating SARS-CoV-2 and has received fast-track status from the FDA.
- It targets the viral main proteases to inhibit protein processing necessary for viral replication, and unlike Paxlovid, it does not require ritonavir to enhance its effectiveness.
- The drug also shows potential against MERS-CoV, with studies revealing that its binding mode and potency differ slightly between the two viruses, offering insights for future drug design against coronaviral infections.
$100 - $150
Hourly Rate
Cardiovascular Drug Interactions with Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir for COVID-19: Considerations for Daily Practice.
London, UK
2 hours ago
1 Received
- * Healthcare providers must be cautious about drug-drug interactions (DDIs) due to cardiovascular patients often taking multiple medications, requiring careful assessment and management.
- * The review highlights the clinical pharmacology of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and stresses avoiding potential DDIs, particularly with drugs metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 and those with a narrow therapeutic index.
$100 - $150
Hourly Rate
Paxlovid for the treatment of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
London, UK
2 hours ago
1 Received
- - Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir) is an innovative oral antiviral medication for mild to moderate COVID-19, given over five days; this meta-analysis assessed its effectiveness based on various studies up to March 2023.
- - The findings showed that Paxlovid significantly reduced risks of hospitalization, all-cause mortality, and ICU admissions, as well as shortened hospital stays and viral clearance time compared to control groups.
- - Despite these benefits, no significant differences were observed regarding COVID-19 rebound rates between Paxlovid and control groups, highlighting its overall effectiveness as a treatment option for COVID-19 patients.
$100 - $150
Hourly Rate
Real-world effectiveness and safety of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (Paxlovid)-treated for COVID-19 patients with onset of more than 5 days: a retrospective cohort study.
London, UK
2 hours ago
1 Received
- Paxlovid, a medication for COVID-19, was authorized for emergency use due to its effectiveness, but there is limited information on its use after 5 days of symptoms.
- A study involved analyzing hospitalized COVID-19 patients who were treated with Paxlovid within 5 days of symptom onset (Group A), after 5 days (Group B), or not at all (Group C), focusing on their mortality rates and clinical improvement.
- Results showed no significant differences in mortality or clinical improvement between the early and later treatment groups, but the later treatment group had better improvement compared to those who did not receive Paxlovid at all.
$100 - $150
Hourly Rate
Effectiveness of Paxlovid in the treatment of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection in children with hematologic malignancies: a retrospective cohort study.
London, UK
2 hours ago
1 Received
- The study examined the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in children with hematologic malignancies (HMs) who were treated with Paxlovid versus those who were not.* -
- Results showed that most infections were non-severe, with fever and cough being the most common symptoms, but those treated with Paxlovid had worse clinical characteristics, especially if they had undergone specific treatments like HSCT or CAR-T.* -
- Patients who received Paxlovid within 5 days of diagnosis experienced faster viral clearance, taking a median of 5 days, compared to those who did not receive the treatment.*
$100 - $150
Hourly Rate
Antiviral therapy for COVID-19 virus: A narrative review and bibliometric analysis.
London, UK
2 hours ago
1 Received
- The COVID-19 pandemic has led to millions of deaths globally and raised questions about effective pharmacological treatments since its onset.
- This paper presents a bibliometric analysis of research on COVID-19 treatments published between 2019 and 2022, focusing on safety and efficacy of various drugs such as Remdesivir and Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir.
- Although some medications show promise, like Remdesivir in reducing severe outcomes, others like Lopinavir/Ritonavir and Ivermectin yield mixed results, suggesting a need for a combined approach to treatment.
$100 - $150
Hourly Rate
Efficacy of late-onset antiviral treatment in immunocompromised hosts with persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
London, UK
2 hours ago
1 Received
- Immunocompromised individuals face a higher risk of prolonged SARS-CoV-2 infections and severe COVID-19, raising concerns about the effectiveness of late-onset antiviral treatments.
- In a study using an immunocompromised mouse model, it was found that early treatments like nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (paxlovid) or molnupiravir were only moderately effective, while the experimental drug 4'-fluorouridine (4'-FlU) showed significant benefits in reducing viral load.
- Late-onset direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapies were shown to effectively shorten the duration of viral replication in immunocompromised hosts, suggesting potential clinical applications to reduce severe disease risks in vulnerable
$100 - $150
Hourly Rate
Paxlovid (Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir)-Induced Tacrolimus Toxicity in Organ Transplant Recipients - A Review on Drug Interactions Involving CYP3A Enzymes.
London, UK
2 hours ago
1 Received
- - Paxlovid, an oral COVID-19 treatment approved by the FDA, has been linked to increased toxicity of tacrolimus, a medication used by transplant recipients.
- - The interaction occurs because ritonavir (part of Paxlovid) inhibits CYP3A enzymes, which are responsible for metabolizing tacrolimus, leading to higher plasma levels and potential toxicity.
- - Recommendations have emerged to help manage this drug interaction, emphasizing the need for transplant physicians to work closely with clinical pharmacists to mitigate risks for patients.
$100 - $150
Hourly Rate
FMOe: Preprocessing and Visualizing Package of the Fragment Molecular Orbital Method for Molecular Operating Environment and Its Applications in Covalent Ligand and Metalloprotein Analyses.
London, UK
2 hours ago
1 Received
- The fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method efficiently analyzes large biomolecules by breaking them into smaller fragments and calculating their interaction energies, which helps understand molecular recognition.
- A graphical user interface was developed to facilitate manual fragmentation of small molecules and enhance the workflow for FMO calculations in the Molecular Operating Environment (MOE).
- The study demonstrated effective fragmentation and interaction analyses for complex cases like cysteine-ligand bonding in SARS-CoV-2 and metal coordination in peptides, indicating potential for advancements in drug discovery.
$100 - $150
Hourly Rate
A Gaussia luciferase reporter assay for the evaluation of coronavirus Nsp5/3CLpro activity.
London, UK
2 hours ago
1 Received
- Human coronaviruses (hCoVs) are widespread and can cause severe diseases, making the development of effective treatments essential due to the risk of future outbreaks.
- The protease Nsp5 (3CLpro) is a key target for antiviral drugs, with Paxlovid being an example of its successful use, though more treatment options are necessary due to potential drug resistance.
- Researchers created a new assay for quickly measuring Nsp5 activity and how well different compounds inhibit it, which also evaluates the effects of Nsp5 mutations on its function and sensitivity to drugs.
$100 - $150
Hourly Rate
Cardiovascular adverse effects of antiviral therapies for COVID-19: Evidence and plausible mechanisms.
London, UK
2 hours ago
1 Received
- - Antiviral drugs have played a vital role in reducing symptoms and improving outcomes for COVID-19, which is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus that can harm multiple organs.
- - Various antivirals, like remdesivir and paxlovid, received emergency use approval, while some older drugs were repurposed; however, they have also shown some adverse effects, particularly on cardiovascular health.
- - The review highlights the need to understand the cardiovascular risks of these antivirals, discusses possible underlying biological mechanisms, and suggests that future antiviral development, aided by artificial intelligence, could help address these issues.
$100 - $150
Hourly Rate
[Nirmatreolvir-ritonavir (Paxlovid) leads to no reduction of symptoms or hospitalizations in vaccinated or unvaccinated high-risk adults with Covid-19.].
London, UK
2 hours ago
1 Received
$100 - $150
Hourly Rate
Sustainable and technically smart spectrophotometric determination of PAXLOVID: a comprehensive ecological and analytical performance rating.
London, UK
2 hours ago
1 Received
- - The FDA approved ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir for treating mild to moderate COVID-19 in high-risk patients on May 25, 2023, emphasizing the urgency of effective treatments.
- - Researchers developed eco-friendly spectrophotometric methods to simultaneously estimate ritonavir and nirmatrelvir in co-packaged pills, utilizing techniques like the first and second derivative methods and dual-wavelength zero-order method.
- - Validation of these methods met international standards, showing high accuracy and reliability, while also incorporating a thorough ecological evaluation to confirm sustainability.
$100 - $150
Hourly Rate
Predictors for COVID-19-Specific and Non-COVID-19-Specific Deaths: A Cohort Study in Taiwan.
London, UK
2 hours ago
1 Received
- A study in Taiwan analyzed predictors of both COVID-19-specific and non-COVID-19-specific deaths among 2,196 hospitalized patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 between January and July 2022.
- Out of the 175 deceased patients, 84% died from causes directly related to COVID-19, while 16% had non-COVID-19-related deaths, revealing significant mortality risks associated with age and underlying health conditions.
- Results indicated that individuals aged 65 and older faced a heightened risk for both types of death, while those who were fully vaccinated or received Paxlovid had lower risks for COVID-19-related deaths, highlighting the importance of vaccination and treatment in managing outcomes.
$100 - $150
Hourly Rate
[The Impact of Antidepressants on COVID-19 and Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome: A Scoping-Review Update].
London, UK
2 hours ago
1 Received
- The study investigates the potential clinical benefits of antidepressants (AD), specifically fluvoxamine, against COVID-19 and Long COVID, given their preclinical antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects.
- A systematic review of literature identified 1016 articles, including a variety of studies that suggest fluvoxamine significantly reduces COVID-19 infections and severity, particularly when used early in treatment.
- The findings indicate that fluvoxamine may lower mortality and hospitalization rates by 40-70% compared to standard care, with effectiveness linked to higher dosages, while maintaining a low risk of adverse effects similar to placebo.
$100 - $150
Hourly Rate
Prolonged course of Paxlovid administration in a centenarian with COVID-19: A case report.
London, UK
2 hours ago
1 Received
- In 2023, there were about 110,000 people over 100 years old in China, highlighting the importance of studying treatment options like Paxlovid for centenarians with COVID-19.
- A 103-year-old woman with mild COVID-19 and kidney issues was treated with Paxlovid; despite complications like lung infection and heart failure, her condition improved after additional treatment and supportive care.
- The case indicates that Paxlovid can be administered carefully to elderly patients with kidney problems, and suggests considering multiple treatment courses for those with ongoing positive COVID-19 tests.
$100 - $150
Hourly Rate