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Cell shape modulates mitotic spindle positioning forces via intracellular hydrodynamics.
Curr Biol
December 2024
Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 75013 Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le Cancer, 75013 Paris, France. Electronic address:
The regulation of mitotic spindle positioning and orientation is central to the morphogenesis of developing embryos and tissues. In many multicellular contexts, cell geometry has been shown to have a major influence on spindle positioning, with spindles that commonly align along the longest cell shape axis. To date, however, we still lack an understanding of how the nature and amplitude of intracellular forces that position, orient, or hold mitotic spindles depend on cell geometry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDisruption of extracellular matrix and perineuronal nets modulates extracellular space volume and geometry.
J Neurosci
January 2025
Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Science, 84510 Bratislava, Slovakia.
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a network of macromolecules which has two forms - perineuronal nets (PNNs) and a diffuse ECM (dECM) - both influence brain development, synapse formation, neuroplasticity, CNS injury and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. ECM remodeling can influence extrasynaptic transmission, mediated by diffusion of neuroactive substances in the extracellular space (ECS). In this study we analyzed how disrupted PNNs and dECM influence brain diffusibility.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChiral Phonons Induced from Spin Dynamics via Magnetoelastic Anisotropy.
Phys Rev Lett
December 2024
International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Article Synopsis
- The proposed mechanism generates chiral phononlike excitations through magnetoelastic couplings without needing magnetic fields or out-of-plane magnetization.
- By analyzing a triangular lattice ferromagnet, the research reveals how lattice symmetry influences chirality, linking it to topological phonon classes.
- The study suggests potential applications in spintronics and phononics, emphasizing the experimental viability of measuring phonon magnetization and thermal Hall conductivity in anisotropic magnets.
Clinical Manifestations.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Background: Although it is well established that lower cognitive performance, on average, is associated with a greater risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia, it is unclear whether distinct cognitively-defined subgroups exist among non-demented older adults and whether such profiles map onto distinct AD neuroimaging measure profiles.
Method: The sample consisted of 167 non-demented older adults from the BIOCARD study with comprehensive neuropsychological and clinical evaluations, amyloid PET and brain MRI scans. The MRI measure included: global cortical volume in AD-signature regions and a medial-temporal lobe composite; resting-state functional connectivity within 5 large-scale cognitive networks; global white matter microstructure, index by fractional anisotropy (FA) and radial diffusion (RD) on DTI scans; and global white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume on FLAIR scans.
Clinical Manifestations.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Background: Aging is accompanied by declines in brain structure and executive functions like cognitive flexibility - the ability to switch between tasks. However, there are substantial individual differences in degree of impairment, as some elders maintain high functioning despite accumulation of brain damage. This variability suggests higher cognitive reserve (CR) which enables older adults to cope more effectively with structural brain changes.
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