Previously, we described synergistic adjuvanticity of combinations of synthetic sulfolipo(SL)-derivatives of polysaccharide (SL-polysaccharides) and squalane-in-water emulsions (squalane/W). In this paper, effects of type of polysaccharide and nature of oil on adjuvanticity, reactogenicity and stability are described. SL-derivatives of the following polysaccharides were synthesised: synthetic polysucroses with weight-average molecular weight (MW) of 400,000 (Ficoll400), 70,000 (Ficoll70) and 39,000 Da (Ficoll39), polyfructose of 5,000 Da (inulin), linear polyglucose of 1,200 Da (maltodextrin) and cyclic polyglucose of 1,135 Da (beta-cyclodextrin). The number of sulphate groups per monosaccharide of the different SL-polysaccharides varied between 0.15 and 0.23 and the number of lipid groups per monosaccharide between 1.15 and 1.29. Adjuvant formulations were prepared by incorporating these SL-polysaccharides into oil-in-water emulsions of either squalane, hexadecane, soya oil or mineral oil. Adjuvanticity of the formulations obtained for humoral responses to inactivated pseudorabies virus (PRV) and inactivated influenza virus strains A/Swine (A/Swine) and MRC-11 (MRC-11) in pigs and MRC-11 and ovalbumin (OVA) in mice depended on the type of oil (squalane = mineral oil > hexadecane = soya oil) but not on the type of polysaccharide backbone of the SL-derivative. Reactogenicity assessed by local swelling in mice decreased with decreasing MW (SL-Ficoll400 = Ficoll70 = Ficoll39 > SL-inulin = SL-maltodextrin > SL-cyclodextrin) when combined with squalane and decreased with the type of oil in the following order: squalane > mineral oil > hexadecane > soya oil when combined with SL-Ficoll400. Stability of the SL-polysaccharide/squalane/W emulsions at elevated temperature increased with decreasing MW of the SL-polysaccharide (SL-Ficoll400 < SL-Ficoll70 = SL-Ficoll39 < SL-inulin = SL-maltodextrin = SL-cyclodextrin). SL-cyclodextrin/squalane/W remained stable for > 2.5 years at 4 degrees C, > 18 weeks at 37 degrees C and > 10 days at 60 degrees C. We concluded that reactogenicity and stability but not adjuvanticity of SL-polysaccharide/squalane/W formulations depended on the MW of SL-polysaccharide and that SL-cyclodextrin/squalane/W is a promising non-mineral oil adjuvant as it combines strong adjuvanticity (i.e. better than the mineral oil-based adjuvant presently applied) with low reactogenicity and good stability.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0264-410x(98)00195-9 | DOI Listing |
Acta Sci Pol Technol Aliment
January 2017
The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, China.
Background: Arachidonic acid (ARA) is one of the three essential fatty acids, and it is important for human body to keep healthy and is widely used. At present, expensive materials such as glucose and yeast extract are generally reported to be optimal for ARA production. A new cost-effective fermentation process including cheaper material for ARA production is of great significance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Mater Sci Mater Med
January 2009
The School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK.
In recent years, polysaccharide-based films have been developed for many applications. Some of these are in the pharmaceutical industry, where the adhesion of microorganisms to surfaces is a concern. After adhesion of a microorganism to a solid surface has taken place, the subsequent biofilm formed can act as a vehicle for spreading infections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Environ Sci Health B
May 2004
Department of Biology V (Ecology, Ecotoxicology, Ecochemistry), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
The biotransformation of the nonylphenol isomer [ring-U-14C]-4-(3',5'-dimethyl-3'-heptyl)-phenol (4-353-NP, consisting of two diastereomers) was studied in soybean and Agrostemma githago cell suspension cultures. With the A. githago cells, a batch two-liquid-phase system (medium/n-hexadecane 200:1, v/v) was used, in order to produce higher concentrations and amounts of 4-353-NP metabolites for their identification; 4-353-NP was applied via the n-hexadecane phase.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFColloids Surf B Biointerfaces
August 2004
GEPEA, UMR-CNRS 6144, BP 406, 44602 St-Nazaire Cedex, France.
Encapsulation of a dispersed oil phase (hexadecane) was realized by simple coacervation method using soy glycinin as the wall forming material. Suitable emulsification and coacervation conditions, that favor the formation of microcapsules wall, were identified and investigated. Mild acid (pH 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Microbiol Methods
August 2000
Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, 402-751, Inchon, South Korea.
The authors previously isolated a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) deficient Tn5-mutant of Bradyrhizobium japonicum, and subsequently isolated the LPS gene region. In this study the LPS deficiency of B. japonicum was studied in terms of its cell surface characteristics.
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