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Active fluids are driven out of thermodynamic equilibrium by internally generated forces, causing complex patterns of motion. Even when both the forces and motion are measurable, it is not yet possible to relate the two, because the sources of energy injection and dissipation are often unclear. Here, we study how energy is transferred by developing a method to measure viscosity from the shear stresses and strain rates within an epithelial cell monolayer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImpact of Vein Wall Hyperelasticity and Blood Flow Turbulence on Hemodynamic Parameters in the Inferior Vena Cava with a Filter.
Micromachines (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters are vital in preventing pulmonary embolism (PE) by trapping large blood clots, especially in patients unsuitable for anticoagulation. In this study, the accuracy of two common simplifying assumptions in numerical studies of IVC filters-the rigid wall assumption and the laminar flow model-is examined, contrasting them with more realistic hyperelastic wall and turbulent flow models. Using fluid-structure interaction (FSI) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques, the investigation focuses on three hemodynamic parameters: time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI), and relative residence time (RRT).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMedial Meniscotibial Ligament Deficiency Increases Medial Meniscus Extrusion and Posterior Root Forces.
Am J Sports Med
January 2025
The Steadman Clinic, Vail, Colorado, USA.
Background: There is growing evidence that medial meniscotibial ligament (MTL) deficiency and medial meniscus extrusion may precede the development of some medial meniscus posterior root (MMPR) tears. However, no study has investigated the biomechanical consequences of MTL deficiency on the MMPR.
Hypothesis: (1) MTL deficiency leads to increased medial meniscus extrusion, (2) increased medial meniscus extrusion is correlated with increased compression and shear forces at the MMPR, and (3) MTL repair restores medial meniscus extrusion and MMPR forces to native levels.
Elastographic evaluation for fatty liver disease in north Indian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab
January 2025
Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India.
Objectives: The prevalence and predisposing factors to metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in children with type 1 Diabetes (T1D) living in developing countries are unknown.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in children with T1D. The presence of liver fat and tissue stiffness were assessed by ultrasonography and shear-wave elastography (SWE), respectively.
Medial buttress plate use in neck of femur fracture fixations: A systematic review.
Injury
January 2025
Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland. Electronic address:
Background: Femoral neck fractures, particularly Pauwels type II and III, pose significant challenges due to their vertical instability and susceptibility to complications such as non-union and avascular necrosis (AVN). Medial buttress plates (MBPs) have emerged as a promising adjunct in fixation, offering biomechanical advantages by neutralizing shearing forces and enhancing stability. However, the clinical efficacy of MBPs across different fixation techniques, plate configurations, and positioning remains unclear.
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