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Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.

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The orientation of the 4f moments offers an additional degree of freedom for engineering the spin-related properties in spintronic nanostructures of lanthanides. Yet, precise monitoring of the direction of magnetic moments remains a challenge. Here, on the example of the antiferromagnets HoRhSi and DyRhSi, we investigate the temperature-dependent canting of the 4f moments near the surface.

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Magnetic order in most materials occurs when magnetic ions with finite moments arrange in a particular pattern below the ordering temperature. Intriguingly, if the crystal electric field (CEF) effect results in a spin-singlet ground state, a magnetic order can still occur due to the exchange interactions between neighboring ions admixing the excited CEF levels. The magnetic excitations in such a state are spin excitons generally dispersionless in reciprocal space.

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Highly Correlated Matter Research Group, Physics Department, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa.

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