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Hidden domain boundary dynamics toward crystalline perfection.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.
A central paradigm of nonequilibrium physics concerns the dynamics of heterogeneity and disorder, impacting processes ranging from the behavior of glasses to the emergent functionality of active matter. Understanding these complex mesoscopic systems requires probing the microscopic trajectories associated with irreversible processes, the role of fluctuations and entropy growth, and the timescales on which nonequilibrium responses are ultimately maintained. Approaches that illuminate these processes in model systems may enable a more general understanding of other heterogeneous nonequilibrium phenomena, and potentially define ultimate speed and energy cost limits for information processing technologies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnveiling the Oxidation Mechanisms of High-entropy Carbides Through Atomic-scale Dynamic Observation.
Adv Mater
January 2025
School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.
Understanding the behavior of high-entropy carbides (HECs) under oxygen-containing environments is of particular importance for their promising applications in structural components, catalysis, and energy-related fields. Herein, the structural evolution of (Ta, Ti, Cr, Nb)C (HEC-1) nanoparticles (NPs) is tracked in situ during the oxidation at the atomic scale by using an open-cell environmental aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope. Three key stages are clearly discerned during the oxidation of HEC-1 NPs at the atomic level below 900 °C: i) increased amorphization of HEC-1 NPs from 300 to 500 °C due to the energetically favorable formation of carbon vacancies and substitution of carbon with oxygen atoms; ii) nucleation and subsequent growth of locally ordered nanocluster intermediates within the generated amorphous oxides from 500 to 800 °C; and iii) final one-step crystallization of non-equimolar MeO and MeO (Me = metallic elements, Ta, Ti, Cr, and Nb) high-entropy oxides above 800 °C, accompanied with the reduction in atomic defects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhase separation of microtubule-binding proteins - implications for neuronal function and disease.
J Cell Sci
December 2024
Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Protein liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is driven by intrinsically disordered regions and multivalent binding domains, both of which are common features of diverse microtubule (MT) regulators. Many in vitro studies have dissected the mechanisms by which MT-binding proteins (MBPs) regulate MT nucleation, stabilization and dynamics, and investigated whether LLPS plays a role in these processes. However, more recent in vivo studies have focused on how MBP LLPS affects biological functions throughout neuronal development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSeed-Mediated Synthesis of High Loading PtCo Intermetallic Compounds Enhanced Catalytic Efficacy and Long-Term Stability for Oxygen Reduction Reaction.
Chempluschem
November 2024
College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China.
Atomically ordered intermetallic Pt-based nanoparticles, recognized as advanced electrocatalysts, exhibit superior activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cell cathodes. Nevertheless, the formation of these ordered structures typically necessitates elevated annealing temperatures, which can accelerate particle growth and diminished reactivity. In this study, we synthesized carbon-supported platinum-cobalt intermetallic compounds (PtCo-IMCs) with sub-4 nm particle sizes and uniform distribution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRNA helicases DDX3X and DDX3Y form nanometer-scale RNA-protein clusters that support catalytic activity.
Curr Biol
December 2024
Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Electronic address:
DEAD-box helicases, crucial for many aspects of RNA metabolism, often contain intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) whose functions remain unclear. Using multiparameter confocal microscopy, we reveal that sex chromosome-encoded homologous RNA helicases, DDX3X and DDX3Y, form nanometer-scale RNA-protein clusters (RPCs) that foster their catalytic activities in vitro and in cells. The IDRs are critical for the formation of these RPCs.
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