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Preclinical Experience Using 4D Intracardiac Echocardiography to Guide Cardiac Electrophysiology Procedures.

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Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Section, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Introduction: Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) is an essential imaging modality for electrophysiology procedures, allowing intraprocedural monitoring, real-time catheter manipulation guidance, and visualization of complex anatomic structures. Four-dimentional (4D) ICE is the next stage in the evolution of the technology, permitting 360° rotation of the imaging plane, simultaneous multiplanar imaging, and volumetric acquisition, similar to transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). In this study, we report our experience with a novel 4D ICE catheter (NuVision, Biosense Webster) in structural electrophysiology procedures and difficult ventricular ablations in a swine preclinical model.

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The synthesis of high-ordered mechanically interlocked supramolecular structures is an extremely challenging topic. Only two linear [4]catenanes have been reported so far and there is no defined strategy to obtain cyclic [4]catenane. Herein, two unprecedented cyclic [4]catenanes, 1 and 2, were prepared in high yields.

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The rotational spectra of a mixture of 2,4-pentanediol (PDL) isomers, comprising both the meso isomers [(2R, 4S) and (2S, 4R)] and the racemic isomers [(2R, 4R) and (2S, 4S)], were recorded using a chirped-pulse Fourier transform microwave spectrometer coupled to a supersonic jet expansion. The conformational landscapes of meso- and racemic-PDL were examined using the Conformer-Rotamer Ensemble Sampling Tool and high-level quantum chemical calculations, generating 26 and 25 conformers, respectively. Five sets of rotational transitions were observed and assigned, with two attributed to meso-PDL and the remaining three attributed to racemic-PDL.

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Multispectral imaging (MSI) is a technique used to inspect materials properties in different domains, ranging from industrial to medical and cultural heritage and, recently, precision agriculture. Even though several MSI solutions are already commercially available, the research community is working to optimize multispectral cameras in terms of performance and cost. Systems for the agricultural field are usually very compact, combined with drones for large areas acquisition.

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