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Optimization of antiviral dosing in Herpesviridae encephalitis: a promising approach to improve outcome?
Clin Microbiol Infect
December 2024
Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.
Background: Despite established antiviral therapy for herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster and cytomegalovirus encephalitis, the outcome remains poor.
Objectives: To assess pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) data of antiviral drugs in the central nervous system (CNS) to optimize the treatment of Herpesviridae encephalitis.
Sources: PUBMED search 1950 to September 2024, terms (1) "encephalitis" and ("HSV" or "VZV" or "CMV") or (2) cerebrospinal and ("(val)acyclovir" or "(val)ganciclovir" or "foscarnet" or "cidofovir").
Hypothermia as a Presenting Sign of Venlafaxine-Induced Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome in 2 Neonates.
J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther
December 2024
Department of Pharmacy (MO, GE-C), NYU Langone - Long Island, Department of Pediatrics (MC), NYU Langone - Long Island, Mineola, NY.
Maternal antidepressant use has increased during the past 2 decades, with venlafaxine emerging as a common agent during pregnancy. Both venlafaxine and its active metabolite possess prolonged half-lives in adults; however, abrupt discontinuation may lead to withdrawal including irritability, jitteriness, lethargy, restlessness, and insomnia. The drug and its metabolite readily cross the placenta, posing additional considerations during pregnancy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCombined toxicity of perfluoroalkyl substances and microplastics on the sentinel species Daphnia magna: Implications for freshwater ecosystems.
Environ Pollut
December 2024
School of Biosciences and Institute for Interdisciplinary Data Science and AI, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; Centre for Environmental Research and Justice (CERJ), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; The Alan Turing Institute, British Library, 96 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DB, UK; Robust Nature Excellence Initiative, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, 60438 Frankfurt Am Main, Germany. Electronic address:
Persistent chemicals from industrial processes, particularly perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), have become pervasive in the environment due to their persistence, long half-lives, and bioaccumulative properties. Used globally for their thermal resistance and repellence to water and oil, PFAS have led to widespread environmental contamination. These compounds pose significant health risks with exposure through food, water, and dermal contact.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClinical Consequences of Delayed Gastric Emptying With GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Tirzepatide.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
December 2024
Diabetes, Endocrinology, Metabolism Section, Medical Department I, Katholisches Klinikum Bochum gGmbH, Sankt Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University, D-44791 Bochum, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are commonly used to manage type 2 diabetes and obesity, helping to slow gastric emptying which can help control blood sugar levels but may lead to issues like retained gastric contents during medical procedures.
- A review of studies indicates that while retained gastric contents during endoscopy is more common with GLP-1 RA usage, serious complications like pulmonary aspiration are rare, but guidelines for managing these medications during procedures are limited and not well-defined.
- To enhance patient safety, further research is needed on strategies such as extended fasting before procedures, ultrasound checks for gastric contents, and the potential use of prokinetic drugs like erythromycin.
Drug-delivery and biological activity in colorectal cancer of a supramolecular porous material assembled from heptameric chromium-copper-adenine entities.
J Mater Chem B
November 2024
Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain.
The therapeutic application of drugs often faces challenges due to non-specific distribution, inadequate dosification and degradation, which limits their efficacy. Two primary strategies are employed to overcome these issues: the use of derivatives of the active substances and incorporation of those into porous materials. The latter, involving materials such as zeolites, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and hydrogels, has shown promising results in protecting the active ingredients from degradation and enabling a controlled release.
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