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Entropy generation and water conservation in the mammalian nephron.
J Comp Physiol B
January 2025
Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
During the transition from fresh waters to terrestrial habitats, significant adaptive changes occurred in kidney function of vertebrates to cope with varying osmotic challenges. We investigated the mechanisms driving water conservation in the mammalian nephron, focusing on the relative contributions of active ion transport and Starling forces. We constructed a thermodynamic model to estimate the entropy generation associated with different processes within the nephron, and analyzed their relative importance in urine formation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBasic Science and Pathogenesis.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA.
Background: Accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaque in the brain is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). We recently reported that the application of mild magnetic hyperthermia is feasible to target and disrupt Aβ plaques by means of generating localized heat on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) targeted to Aβ aggregates in response to a remotely applied alternating magnetic field (AMF) (Nanomedicine:NBM, 2021). The objective of the current study is to demonstrate the feasibility of mild magnetic hyperthermia stimulation (MNP/AMF) in clearing Aβ deposits in vivo using 5xFAD mice, a well-established transgenic AD mouse model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSwarming bacteria exhibit developmental phase transitions to establish scattered colonies in new regions.
ISME J
January 2025
Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Biodesign Institue, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287.
The collective surface motility and swarming behavior of microbes play a crucial role in the formation of polymicrobial communities, shaping ecosystems as diverse as animal and human microbiota, plant rhizospheres, and various aquatic environments. In the human oral microbiota, T9SS-driven gliding bacteria transport non-motile microbes and bacteriophages as cargo, thereby influencing the spatial organization and structural complexity of these polymicrobial communities. However, the physical rules governing the dispersal of T9SS-driven bacterial swarms are barely understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Historical Case for a Strong and Diverse Neurology Clerkship Leadership Team.
Neurol Educ
December 2024
From the Department of Neurology (A.P., D.G.L., C.G.R., J.C.M., E.H.K., J.N., C.E.G., R.M.E.S.), School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Division of Neuromuscular Disorders (V.C.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
The role of the clerkship director has evolved significantly over the past century and now requires a diverse range of skills to meet the rigorous standards set by national accrediting bodies such as the Liaison Committee on Medical Education. We conducted a historical exploration, spanning the past 43 years, of the educational practices in the Neurology Department at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. We learned that no entity is responsible for documenting the history of the clerkship.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLabour market evolution is a key determinant of global agroeconomic and environmental futures.
Nat Food
January 2025
Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, College Park, MD, USA.
Long-term labour market evolution shapes agricultural transformation through labour productivity growth and labour market transitions. Despite its importance in agricultural production, labour has been overlooked when exploring the agrifood-water-environment-climate nexus. Here we incorporate evolving labour markets into multisector dynamic modelling to examine their agroeconomic and environmental implications.
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