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Oncology: Brain asymmetries in language-relevant brain tumors.
Handb Clin Neurol
March 2025
Donders Institute for Brain Cognition Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France; Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Brain tumors are classified as rare diseases, with an annual occurrence of 300,000 cases and account for an annual loss of 241,000 lives, highlighting their devastating nature. Recent advancements in diagnosis and treatment have significantly improved the management and care of brain tumors. This chapter provides an overview of the common types of primary brain tumors affecting language functions-gliomas and meningiomas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAsymmetries in the human brain.
Handb Clin Neurol
March 2025
Donders Institute for Brain Cognition Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France; Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address:
The human brain is an intricate network of cortical regions interconnected by white matter pathways, dynamically supporting cognitive functions. While cortical asymmetries have been consistently reported, the asymmetry of white matter connections remains less explored. This chapter provides a brief overview of asymmetries observed at the cortical, subcortical, cytoarchitectural, and receptor levels before exploring the detailed connectional anatomy of the human brain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLarge language models for surgical informed consent: an ethical perspective on simulated empathy.
J Med Ethics
March 2025
Institute for Ethics, History and Philosophy of Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Informed consent in surgical settings requires not only the accurate communication of medical information but also the establishment of trust through empathic engagement. The use of large language models (LLMs) offers a novel opportunity to enhance the informed consent process by combining advanced information retrieval capabilities with simulated emotional responsiveness. However, the ethical implications of simulated empathy raise concerns about patient autonomy, trust and transparency.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA new removable connecting device for MARPE expander with non-common path of insertion.
Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban
October 2024
Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University; Hunan Engineering Research Center for Digital Intelligence and Personalized Medicine; Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Changsha 410008.
Objectives: Maxillary transverse deficiency is a common malocclusion frequently observed in orthodontic clinics. Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) not only produces greater skeletal expansion but also offers advantages such as simple miniscrew implantation without flap elevation, enhanced patient comfort, and an expanded age range and indications for palatal expansion. However, the fixed connection between the expander and the miniscrews makes the expander difficult to remove, significantly hindering its clinical application.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnatomo-functional organization of insular networks:From sensory integration to behavioral control.
Prog Neurobiol
March 2025
Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), Neuroscience Unit, University of Parma, Italy. Electronic address:
Classically, the insula is considered an associative multisensory cortex where emotional awareness emerges through the integration of interoceptive and exteroceptive information, along with autonomic regulation. However, since early intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) studies, the insular cortex has also been conceived as a mosaic of anatomo-functional sectors processing various types of sensory information to generate specific overt behaviors. Based on this, the insula has been subdivided into distinct functional fields: an anterior field associated with oroalimentary behaviors, a middle field involved dorsally in hand movements and ventrally in emotional reactions, and a posterior field engaged in axial and proximal movements.
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