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Revealing an unexpectedly low electron injection threshold via reinforced shock acceleration.
Nat Commun
January 2025
Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Collisionless shock waves, found in supernova remnants, interstellar, stellar, and planetary environments, and laboratories, are one of nature's most powerful particle accelerators. This study combines in situ satellite measurements with recent theoretical developments to establish a reinforced shock acceleration model for relativistic electrons. Our model incorporates transient structures, wave-particle interactions, and variable stellar wind conditions, operating collectively in a multiscale set of processes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAbsorption spectra of PS in the ultraviolet and infrared region.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc
January 2025
Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012 China. Electronic address:
The line list is essential for accurately modeling various astrophysical phenomena, such as stellar photospheres and atmospheres of extrasolar planets. This paper introduces a new line database for the PS molecule spanning from the ultraviolet to the infrared regions, covering wavenumbers up to 45000 cm and containing over ten million transitions between 150,458 states with total angular momentum J < 160. Accurate line intensities for rotational, vibrational and electronic transitions are generated by using the general purpose variational code DUO.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSun-like stars produce superflares roughly once per century.
Science
December 2024
Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Göttingen, Germany.
Stellar superflares are energetic outbursts of electromagnetic radiation that are similar to solar flares but release more energy, up to 10 erg on main-sequence stars. It is unknown whether the Sun can generate superflares and, if so, how often they might occur. We used photometry from the Kepler space observatory to investigate superflares on other stars with Sun-like fundamental parameters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHigh-temperature Tl decay clarifies Pb dating in early Solar System.
Nature
November 2024
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- Radioactive nuclei that live for millions of years help us understand the Sun's formation and the nucleosynthesis happening when it was born, with lead (Pb) being a key example.
- Recent measurements of the weak decay of ionized thallium (Tl) provided a more accurate half-life, which was found to be 4.7 times longer than previously thought, thus reducing uncertainty in our calculations.
- Using these improved decay rates, researchers calculated lead yields in asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, confirmed isolation times for solar material, and validated the theory that the Sun formed in a long-lived molecular cloud.
Using JADES NIRCam photometry to investigate the dependence of stellar mass inferences on the IMF in the early universe.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
October 2024
Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721.
Article Synopsis
- Scientists found many bright galaxies from a long time ago (over 13 billion years) and want to understand how they formed stars.
- They looked closely at how different ways of measuring star mass can change our understanding of these galaxies.
- Using special data from the James Webb Space Telescope, they figured out that reducing the estimated star mass by three times didn’t change how these galaxies looked overall.
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