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Taxing tobacco as a strategy to reduce consumption and increase public health benefits in Pakistan.
East Mediterr Health J
December 2024
Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Pakistan.
Background: Tobacco consumption poses a significant challenge to global health and contributes to the increase in noncommunicable diseases and premature deaths.
Aim: To investigate the potential impact of a 70% tobacco tax on consumption and government revenue in Pakistan.
Methods: We analysed secondary data from 2011 to 2022 (after imposition of a 70% excise tax) from the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, Pakistan Social and Living Standard Survey, financial yearbooks and Federal Board of Revenue reports for tobacco consumption and government revenue.
Income Elasticity of Out-of-Pocket Healthcare Expenditure for Different Provider Types in Bangladesh.
Int J Health Plann Manage
December 2024
Institute of Health Economics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
The impact of income on health expenditure has been studied extensively using national-level data; however, studies estimating the household-level income elasticity of health expenditure, particularly by provider types, remain limited. Analysing nationally representative household survey data, we examine outpatient and inpatient out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses across healthcare providers and by various income levels. We employed the Heckman two-step model and OLS regression to estimate income elasticity separately for outpatient and inpatient services.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCan wage changes solve the labour crisis in the National Health Service?
Eur J Health Econ
December 2024
Department of Economics, University of Chicago, 1126 E. 59th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
This study aimed to examine the healthcare labour demand and supply elasticity regarding wage in the National Health Service (NHS) in England amid a labour crisis. A simultaneous error-correction regression analysis was conducted using secondary data from the NHS and Office for National Statistics from 2009 Q3 to 2022 Q1. Findings indicate both labour demand and supply of HCHS doctors in the NHS are highly inelastic with respect to real wages, with only a 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFScanning Electron Microscopy Imaging of Twist Domains in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Heterostructures.
ACS Nano
December 2024
Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
Article Synopsis
- Twisted two-dimensional (2D) material heterostructures allow researchers to explore unique physical phenomena, especially at small twist angles where crystals rearrange themselves.
- Understanding these complex materials requires advanced imaging techniques to visualize the local configurations, which can vary due to disorder.
- The study presents an effective method using electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI) to non-destructively visualize these domains in twisted transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) heterostructures, even under encapsulation layers, enhancing insight into their properties.
Photo-thermo-optical modulation of Raman scattering from Mie-resonant silicon nanostructures.
Nanophotonics
August 2024
Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
Raman scattering is sensitive to local temperature and thus offers a convenient tool for non-contact and non-destructive optical thermometry at the nanoscale. In turn, all-dielectric nanostructures, such as silicon particles, exhibit strongly enhanced photothermal heating due to Mie resonances, which leads to the strong modulation of elastic Rayleigh scattering intensity through subsequent thermo-optical effects. However, the influence of the complex photo-thermo-optical effect on inelastic Raman scattering has yet to be explored for resonant dielectric nanostructures.
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