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Quantum Thermodynamics of Nonequilibrium Processes in Lattice Gauge Theories.
Phys Rev Lett
December 2024
Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST and University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
A key objective in nuclear and high-energy physics is to describe nonequilibrium dynamics of matter, e.g., in the early Universe and in particle colliders, starting from the standard model of particle physics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNew Constraints on the Melting Temperature and Phase Stability of Shocked Iron up to 270 GPa Probed by Ultrafast X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy.
Phys Rev Lett
December 2024
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, CS 40220, 38043, France.
Studying the properties and phase diagram of iron at high-pressure and high-temperature conditions has relevant implications for Earth's inner structure and dynamics and the temperature of the inner core boundary (ICB) at 330 GPa. Also, a hexagonal-closed packed to body-centered cubic (bcc) phase transition has been predicted by many theoretical works but observed only in a few experiments. The recent coupling of high-power laser with advanced x-ray sources from synchrotrons allows for novel approaches to address these issues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMidinfrared Cavity-Enhanced Two-Photon Absorption Spectroscopy for Selective Detection of Trace Gases.
Anal Chem
January 2025
Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China.
Detection of trace gases, such as radioactive carbon dioxide, clumped isotopes, and reactive radicals, is of great interest and poses significant challenges in various fields. Achieving both high selectivity and high sensitivity is essential in this context. We present a highly selective molecular spectroscopy method based on comb-locked, mid-infrared, cavity-enhanced, two-photon absorption.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBasic Science and Pathogenesis.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Department of Radiology, miami, FL, USA.
Background: Clearance of brain toxins occurs during sleep, although the mechanism remains unknown. Previous studies implied that the intracranial aqueductal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oscillations are involved, but no mechanism was suggested. The rationale for focusing on the aqueductal CSF oscillations is unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBasic Science and Pathogenesis.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
Background: Compared with the E3 allele of Apolipoprotein E (APOE), E4 increases late-onset Alzheimer's Disease (AD) risk up to 15-fold, while the E2 allele substantially decreases risk. In the CNS, ApoE is predominantly synthesized by astrocytes and microglia, making these two cell types promising targets for ApoE-directed therapeutic approaches. Our lab has generated an inducible "switch" mouse model (APOE4s2) in which we can conditionally replace E4 with the protective E2 in a cell-specific manner.
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