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Biologics in allergology and clinical immunology: Update on therapies for atopic diseases, urticaria, and angioedema and on safety aspects focusing on hypersensitivity reactions.
Allergol Select
November 2024
Institute of Allergology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin und Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin.
Article Synopsis
- Targeted therapies using biologics for atopic diseases, urticaria, and angioedema are advancing quickly, with several new antibodies developed, tested, and approved for clinical use, like omalizumab and dupilumab.
- There is ongoing research into combining different biologics for enhanced treatment efficacy, expanding their applications to conditions like food allergies and eosinophilic esophagitis.
- There are emerging concerns about unexpected side effects and hypersensitivity reactions associated with these therapies, raising important questions about their safety and mechanisms, particularly in specific patient groups like children.
Improvement of neutron sensitivity for lithium formate EPR dosemeters: a Monte Carlo analysis.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry
September 2023
Department of Physics and Chemistry 'Emilio Segrè', University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed.18, I-90128 Palermo, Italy.
This work presents the computational analysis of the sensitivity improvements that could be achieved in lithium formate monohydrate (LFM) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dosemeters exposed to neutron beams. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations were performed on LFM pellets exposed to neutron beams with different energy spectra at various depths inside a water phantom. Various computations were carried out by considering different enrichments of 6Li inside the LFM matrix as well as addition of different amounts of gadolinium oxide inside the pellet blend.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFeatures of Helium and Tritium Release from LiTiO Ceramic Pebbles under Neutron Irradiation.
Materials (Basel)
August 2023
Satbayev University, 22 Satbayev str., Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan.
The operation of fusion reactors is based on the reaction that occurs when two heavy hydrogen isotopes, deuterium and tritium, combine to form helium and a neutron with an energy of 14.1 MeV D + T → He + n. For this reaction to occur, it is necessary to produce tritium in the facility itself, as tritium is not common in nature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZnO-LiF/polystyrene composite scintillator for thermal neutron radiation detection.
Rev Sci Instrum
February 2023
Advanced Materials and Device (A-MAD) Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342030, India.
We report the preparation of the ZnO-LiF composite with a polystyrene (PS) polymer as a host using the solution mixing process. LiF acts as a converter material that absorbs a thermal neutron and produces alpha particles, which excites ZnO micro-particles, resulting in UV-vis photons' emission. The free-standing ZnO-LiF/PS composite film is coupled to a photomultiplier tube (PMT).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStudy of Lithium Biodistribution and Nephrotoxicity in Skin Melanoma Mice Model: The First Step towards Implementing Lithium Neutron Capture Therapy.
Life (Basel)
February 2023
Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
Article Synopsis
- Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) shows promise for treating malignant melanoma but suffers from poor selectivity in tumor cell targeting due to insufficient boron accumulation.
- A study explored the use of lithium as a substitute for boron, as it can produce a more intense energy release during treatment, potentially improving tumor cell death.
- Results indicated that lithium accumulation was highest in tumor cells after 30 minutes, with no significant toxicity observed in kidneys, suggesting lithium's potential as a viable option for enhancing BNCT efficacy.
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