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Disruption of extracellular matrix and perineuronal nets modulates extracellular space volume and geometry.
J Neurosci
January 2025
Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Science, 84510 Bratislava, Slovakia.
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a network of macromolecules which has two forms - perineuronal nets (PNNs) and a diffuse ECM (dECM) - both influence brain development, synapse formation, neuroplasticity, CNS injury and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. ECM remodeling can influence extrasynaptic transmission, mediated by diffusion of neuroactive substances in the extracellular space (ECS). In this study we analyzed how disrupted PNNs and dECM influence brain diffusibility.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChiral Phonons Induced from Spin Dynamics via Magnetoelastic Anisotropy.
Phys Rev Lett
December 2024
International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
We propose a mechanism to obtain chiral phononlike excitations from the bond-dependent magnetoelastic couplings in the absence of out-of-plane magnetization and magnetic fields. By mapping the hybrid excitation to its phononic analog, we reveal the impact of the lattice symmetry on the origin of the chirality. In the example of a triangular lattice ferromagnet, we recognize that the system is equivalent to the class D of topological phonons, and show the tunable chirality and topology by an in-plane magnetic field.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClinical Manifestations.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Background: Although it is well established that lower cognitive performance, on average, is associated with a greater risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia, it is unclear whether distinct cognitively-defined subgroups exist among non-demented older adults and whether such profiles map onto distinct AD neuroimaging measure profiles.
Method: The sample consisted of 167 non-demented older adults from the BIOCARD study with comprehensive neuropsychological and clinical evaluations, amyloid PET and brain MRI scans. The MRI measure included: global cortical volume in AD-signature regions and a medial-temporal lobe composite; resting-state functional connectivity within 5 large-scale cognitive networks; global white matter microstructure, index by fractional anisotropy (FA) and radial diffusion (RD) on DTI scans; and global white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume on FLAIR scans.
Clinical Manifestations.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Background: Aging is accompanied by declines in brain structure and executive functions like cognitive flexibility - the ability to switch between tasks. However, there are substantial individual differences in degree of impairment, as some elders maintain high functioning despite accumulation of brain damage. This variability suggests higher cognitive reserve (CR) which enables older adults to cope more effectively with structural brain changes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClinical Manifestations.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Background: Depressive symptoms are associated with reduced brain integrity. However, it is unclear if this association holds among a racially and ethnically diverse population aged ≥90 years and if there are differences by gender.
Method: The LifeAfter90 Study enrolled 212 long-term members of Kaiser Permanente Northern California who were ≥90 years old, without dementia diagnosis, and received neuroimaging via 3T MRI.
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