DNA-protein cross-linkages were produced in intact nuclei of chicken erythrocytes by the action of cis-diammine dichloroplatinum. The telomeric DNA-protein cross-linked complexes were then isolated by hybridization with a biotinylated oligonucleotide and selective binding on immobilized streptavidin. Two main nonhistone proteins were present in the purified complexes, migrating in SDS-gel electrophoresis with apparent molecular masses of 66 and 58 kDa, respectively. Although the identity of these two proteins is still unknown, it is significant that two proteins with similar electrophoretic behavior have been described as constituents of the human telomeric complexes. This procedure could also be applied to the isolation of DNA-protein cross-linked complexes containing any chosen DNA sequence.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1998.0115DOI Listing

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Article Synopsis
  • Covalent DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs) are harmful lesions that can destabilize the genome and can occur due to various chemicals, making their identification important for understanding DNA damage.
  • A new method called PxP is introduced, which effectively isolates DPCs from soluble proteins using a technique called electro-elution, allowing researchers to analyze the cross-linked proteins in detail.
  • This optimized protocol can be executed in 2-3 days by individuals trained in molecular biology and is adaptable for use with different types of biological samples, enhancing the study of DPC induction and repair processes.
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Intracellular Delivery of Functional Proteins with DNA-Protein Nanogels-Lipids Complex.

J Am Chem Soc

February 2024

PASTEUR, UMR8640, Department of Chemistry, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris 75005 France.

Using functional proteins for therapeutic purposes due to their high selectivity and/or catalytic properties can enable the control of various cellular processes; however, the transport of active proteins inside living cells remains a major challenge. In contrast, intracellular delivery of nucleic acids has become a routine method for a number of applications in gene therapy, genome editing, or immunization. Here we report a functionalizable platform constituting of DNA-protein nanogel carriers cross-linked through streptavidin-biotin or streptactin-biotin interactions and demonstrate its applicability for intracellular delivery of active proteins.

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DNA-protein cross-links remain the least-studied type of DNA damage. Recently, their repair was shown to involve proteolysis; however, the fate of the peptide remnant attached to DNA is unclear. Particularly, peptide cross-links could interfere with DNA polymerases.

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Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites are abundant DNA lesions arising from spontaneous hydrolysis of the N-glycosidic bond and as base excision repair (BER) intermediates. AP sites and their derivatives readily trap DNA-bound proteins, resulting in DNA-protein cross-links. Those are subject to proteolysis but the fate of the resulting AP-peptide cross-links (APPXLs) is unclear.

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DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs), formed by the covalent conjugation of proteins to DNA, are toxic lesions that interfere with DNA metabolic processing and transcription. The development of an accurate biochemical assay for DPC isolation is a priority for the mechanistic understanding of their repair. Here, we propose the STAR assay for the direct quantification of DPCs, sensitive to physiologically relevant treatment conditions.

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