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A simple acetylcholinesterase inhibition assay for the quantification of the nerve agent VX: Application in a Franz cell model with rat skin and various decontaminants.
Toxicol Lett
January 2025
Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937 Munich, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Goethestrasse 33, 80336 Munich, Germany. Electronic address:
The medical community continues to regard organophosphate nerve agent poisoning as a significant concern. Due to the lack of therapeutic options for the nicotinic signs and symptoms for certain agents (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF'Entanglement of nursing care': A theoretical proposition to understand the complexity of nursing work and division of labour.
Int J Nurs Stud
January 2025
NIHR Collaboration for Applied Research (Wessex), University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom. Electronic address:
Ongoing challenges in the provision of care, driven by growing care complexity and nursing shortages, prompt us to reconsider the basis for efficient division of nursing labour. In organising nursing work, traditionally the focus has been on identifying nursing tasks that can be delegated to other less expensive and less highly educated staff, in order to make best use of scarce resources. We argue that nursing care activities are connected and intertwined.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDynamic planning in hierarchical active inference.
Neural Netw
January 2025
Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, Padova, Italy. Electronic address:
By dynamic planning, we refer to the ability of the human brain to infer and impose motor trajectories related to cognitive decisions. A recent paradigm, active inference, brings fundamental insights into the adaptation of biological organisms, constantly striving to minimize prediction errors to restrict themselves to life-compatible states. Over the past years, many studies have shown how human and animal behaviors could be explained in terms of active inference - either as discrete decision-making or continuous motor control - inspiring innovative solutions in robotics and artificial intelligence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSimple Auto-Associative Networks Succeed at Universal Generalization of the Identity Function and Reduplication Rule.
Cogn Sci
January 2025
Department of Psychology, Binghamton University.
It has become widely accepted that standard connectionist models are unable to show identity-based relational reasoning that requires universal generalization. The purpose of this brief report is to show how one of the simplest forms of such models, feed-forward auto-associative networks, satisfies two of the most well-known challenges: universal generalization of the identity function and the reduplication rule. Given the simplicity of the modeling account provided, along with the clarity of the evidence, these demonstrations invite a shift in this high-profile debate over the nature of cognitive architecture and point to a way to bridge some of the presumed gulf between characteristically symbolic forms of reasoning and connectionist mechanisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEcophysiological responses to heat waves in the marine intertidal zone.
J Exp Biol
January 2025
Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA.
One notable consequence of climate change is an increase in the frequency, scale and severity of heat waves. Heat waves in terrestrial habitats (atmospheric heat waves, AHW) and marine habitats (marine heat waves, MHW) have received considerable attention as environmental forces that impact organisms, populations and whole ecosystems. Only one ecosystem, the intertidal zone, experiences both MHWs and AHWs.
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