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Single-Electron Quantization of Dark Current in Quanta Image Sensors.
Phys Rev Lett
January 2025
Université de Toulouse, ISAE-SUPAERO, F-31055 Toulouse, France.
We present a first experimental study of dark current in a quanta image sensor (QIS) based on complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. With the extremely low noise levels of this sensor it is possible to observe spatial and temporal dark current quantization. Analysis of dark carrier emission timing confirms that carrier generation behaves as a Poisson process.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSequential Growth of Quantized Peptide Brushes on Colloidal Gold.
Langmuir
February 2025
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.
We synthesized rigid, macromolecular brushes with well-defined and quantized brush lengths on a gold nanoparticle substrate by using a macromolecular "grafting from" approach. The macromonomers used in these brushes were thiol- and maleimide-functionalized peptide coiled coil "bundlemers" that fold into discrete 4 nm × 2 nm (length × diameter) cylindrical nanoparticles. With each added peptide macromonomer layer, brush thickness increased by approximately the length of a single bundlemer nanoparticle.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFConformal Field Theory, Solitons, and Elliptic Calogero-Sutherland Models.
Commun Math Phys
January 2025
Department of Mathematics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
We construct a non-chiral conformal field theory (CFT) on the torus that accommodates a second quantization of the elliptic Calogero-Sutherland (eCS) model. We show that the CFT operator that provides this second quantization defines, at the same time, a quantum version of a soliton equation called the non-chiral intermediate long-wave (ncILW) equation. We also show that this CFT operator is a second quantization of a generalized eCS model which can describe arbitrary numbers of four different kinds of particles; we propose that these particles can be identified with solitons of the quantum ncILW equation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhotonic axion insulator.
Science
January 2025
Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
Axions, hypothetical elementary particles that remain undetectable in nature, can arise as quasiparticles in three-dimensional crystals known as axion insulators. Previous implementations of axion insulators have largely been limited to two-dimensional systems, leaving their topological properties in three dimensions unexplored in experiment. Here, we realize an axion insulator in a three-dimensional photonic crystal and probe its topological properties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFParticle exchange statistics beyond fermions and bosons.
Nature
January 2025
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
Article Synopsis
- There are generally two known types of particle statistics in quantum mechanics: fermions and bosons, along with a rare exception called anyons in two dimensions.
- The concept of parastatistics, previously thought to be equivalent to fermions and bosons, is now shown to allow for unique particle types that follow distinct exclusion principles.
- This research introduces a new theory involving these "paraparticles," leading to the discovery of new quasiparticle behaviors in quantum spin models, potentially paving the way for new elementary particle categories in physics.
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