Previous studies of native-state peptide hydrogen atom (NH) exchange in turkey ovomucoid third domain (OMTKY3) yielded the thermodynamics and kinetics of unfolding and folding for the 14 slowest-exchanging peptide hydrogen atoms (NHs). Unfolding rate constants and free energies for nine of the NHs are very similar, suggesting that these NHs exchange during a single cooperative unfolding event. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) has been used to test this hypothesis. ESI-MS data and MS peak simulations suggest that this hypothesis is incorrect: in spite of the similarity in their unfolding rate constants, only three to five of the nine residues exchange in a cooperative manner. Thus, residues with similar thermodynamics and kinetics of exchange are probably involved in multiple conformational equilibria. Overall, combined NMR and MS analysis of NH exchange provides a rich and complex picture of the ensemble properties of native proteins.
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