An accelerated atherosclerosis may occur in the native arteries of a transplant recipient as well as in arteries of transplanted kidneys or hearts. The dominating cause of patient mortality are cardiovascular diseases, where ischaemic heart disease is predominant. The accelerated form of arteriosclerosis which takes place in transplanted kidneys and hearts, has a complex pathogenesis, which includes both immunological and nonimmunological factors. Hypertension is one such factor which has been claimed to be an independent risk factor of chronic renal transplant dysfunction, usually characterised by transplant arteriosclerosis. Whether a more intense treatment of hypertension or a more selective use of antihypertensive drugs would have a beneficial effect upon the progression rate of chronic rejection is still an open question.
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