Menopausal loss of ovarian estradiol production has numerous unfavourable effects on woman's health. Frequency and intensity of hot flushes mostly decline after some years. However, urogenital atrophy, incontinence, bone loss and rising risk for cardiovascular disease and probably for M. Alzheimer are of greatest importance as their incidence increases after menopause and because they play a major role in causing morbidity and mortality in elderly women. We discuss the pathophysiology of hot flushes, estradiol's effects on bone turnover, on the arterial vessel wall, on serum lipids and some aspects of estradiol action in the brain.
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Menopause part I: Vasomotor symptoms (I).
Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol
March 2025
Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Female Cancer Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address:
Menopause, an aged process due to loss of permanent ovarian function (mainly decreased production of estrogen) without another pathological or physiological cause becomes one of the most health issues in the world. Vasomotor symptoms (VMS) is a hallmark of menopause, occurring in up to 80 % of women experiencing and persisting for over seven years with significant negative impacts on physical, psychological, social, and overall wellbeing. Conventionally, menopause hormone therapy (MHT) is considered the most effective therapeutic opinion for many years based on the fact as "deficiency of estrogen"; however, the ratio of benefits and risk is highly debated and always in concern.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNonhormonal Treatment of Vasomotor Symptoms of Menopause.
Cardiol Rev
March 2025
From the Department of Medicine, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY.
Vasomotor symptoms (VMS), such as hot flashes and night sweats, are experienced by over 80% of women during menopause and can significantly impair quality of life. While hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is the gold standard for managing VMS, concerns over its association with breast cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and thromboembolic events have led to increasing interest in nonhormonal alternatives. This review explores the efficacy and cardiovascular safety of nonhormonal treatments for VMS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFezolinetant effect on vasomotor symptoms due to menopause in women unsuitable for hormone therapy.
Curr Med Res Opin
March 2025
Astellas Pharma Europe Ltd, Addlestone, UK.
Objective: To assess efficacy and safety of fezolinetant in women unsuitable for hormone therapy (HT), using pooled SKYLIGHT 1 and 2 data.
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Management of vasomotor symptoms in cancer patients.
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Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
Many cancer treatments can lead to reduced levels of sex hormones, which in turn may cause vasomotor symptoms (VMS) such as hot flashes. These symptoms are associated with impaired quality of life, as well as suboptimal tolerability of and adherence to cancer treatment. Hormone therapy, performed by increasing estradiol or testosterone levels, is the gold standard for treatment of VMS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Systematic Review of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms Among Women Experiencing Vasomotor Symptoms Across Reproductive Stages in the US.
Int J Womens Health
February 2025
Astellas Pharma Inc., Northbrook, IL, USA.
Purpose: Vasomotor symptoms (VMS) due to menopause affect up to 80% of women and are associated with fatigue, depressive symptoms, and anxiety although the exact nature of these associations is not fully understood. This systematic review aimed to examine the existing evidence on the relationship between VMS, fatigue, depressive symptoms, and anxiety among women in any stage of reproductive aging in the United States.
Methods: A comprehensive search of MEDLINE and Embase databases was performed to identify observational studies (2010-2022) that reported on the target population.
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