Short-time tetanic stimulation of the tooth pulp with square pulses affords, depending on the stimulation parameters selected, a long-lasting facilitation in the response of subsequently applied test stimuli in the sensomotor cortex of rabbits. The benzodiazepin derivatives, chlorodiazepoxide, nitrazepam (10 mg/kg i.p.) and clonazepam (1 mg/kg i.p.) caused suppression of posttetanic facilitation with partly different influences on cortical potentials following individual stimulation. Meprobamate (200 mg/kg i.p.) had no effect on the processes of posttetanic facilitation, while the amplitudes of sensomotor potentials showed a long-lasting reduction on single stimulation. Chloropromazine (2 mg/kg i.p.) showed a rapid and transient inhibition of posttetanic facilitation and reduced the amplitudes of evoked potentials following single stimulation.
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Adv Mater
December 2024
Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1, 2, Sant Adriá de Besós, Barcelona, 08930, Spain.
Neuromorphic hardware facilitates rapid and energy-efficient training and operation of neural network models for artificial intelligence. However, existing analog in-memory computing devices, like memristors, continue to face significant challenges that impede their commercialization. These challenges include high variability due to their stochastic nature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuroscience
September 2024
Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297, France; University of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France. Electronic address:
Short-term synaptic plasticity refers to the regulation of synapses by their past activity on time scales of milliseconds to minutes. Hippocampal mossy fiber synapses onto CA3 pyramidal cells (Mf-CA3 synapses) are endowed with remarkable forms of short-term synaptic plasticity expressed as facilitation of synaptic release by a factor of up to ten-fold. Three main forms of short-term plasticity are distinguished: 1) Frequency facilitation, which includes low frequency facilitation and train facilitation, operating in the range of tens of milliseconds to several seconds; 2) Post-tetanic potentiation triggered by trains of high frequency stimulation, which lasts several minutes; 3) Finally, depolarization-induced potentiation of excitation, based on retrograde signaling, with an onset and offset of several minutes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
August 2024
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
ACS Nano
August 2024
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada.
We demonstrate a lithium (Li) imbued TiO iontronic device that exhibits synapse-like short-term plasticity behavior without requiring a forming process beforehand or a compliance current during switching. A solid-state electrolyte lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON) behaves as the ion source, and the embedding and releasing of Li ions inside the cathodic like TiO renders volatile conductance responses from the device and offers a natural platform for hardware simulating neuron functionalities. Besides, these devices possess high uniformity and great endurance as no conductive filaments are present.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFeNeuro
July 2024
Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
Synapsins are highly abundant presynaptic proteins that play a crucial role in neurotransmission and plasticity via the clustering of synaptic vesicles. The synapsin III isoform is usually downregulated after development, but in hippocampal mossy fiber boutons, it persists in adulthood. Mossy fiber boutons express presynaptic forms of short- and long-term plasticity, which are thought to underlie different forms of learning.
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