This paper discusses measurements carried out at CERN in the stray radiation field produced by 158 GeV c(-1) per nucleon 208Pb82+ ions. The purpose was to test and intercompare the response of several detectors, mainly neutron measuring devices, and to determine the neutron spectral fluence as well as the microdosimetric (absorbed dose and dose equivalent) distributions in different locations around the shielding. Both active instruments and passive dosimeters were employed, including different types of Andersson-Braun rem counters, a tissue equivalent proportional counter, a set of superheated drop detectors, a Bonner sphere system, and different types of ion chambers. Activation measurements with 12C plastic scintillators and with 32S pellets were also performed to assess the neutron yield of high energy lead ions interacting with a thin gold target. The results are compared with previous measurements and with measurements made during proton runs.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004032-199812000-00006 | DOI Listing |
Food Res Int
February 2025
Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Tufts University Medford MA USA; Tufts University Center for Cellular Agriculture (TUCCA), Tufts University Medford MA USA. Electronic address:
Cultivated meat, the process of generating meat in vitro without sacrificing animals, is a promising alternative to the traditional practice of livestock agriculture. However, the success of this field depends on finding sustainable and economical replacements for animal-derived and expensive fetal bovine serum (FBS) that is typically used in cell culture processes. Here, we outline an effective screening process to vet the suitability of microbial lysates to support the growth of immortalized bovine satellite cells (iBSCs) and mackerel (Mack1) cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMem Cognit
January 2025
Department of Psychology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
The accuracy of metacognitive judgments is rarely incentivized in experiments; hence, it depends on the participants' willingness to invest cognitive resources and respond truthfully. According to arguments promoted in economic research that performance cannot reach its full potential without proper motivation, metacognitive abilities might therefore have been underestimated. In two experiments (N = 128 and N = 129), we explored the impact of incentives on the accuracy of judgments of learning (JOLs), memory performance, and cue use in free recall of word lists.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, Zürich, 8046, Switzerland.
Solitary wild bees play a key role as pollinators of wild plants and crops, but they are increasingly at risk from anthropogenic global change, such as climate warming. However, how warmer temperature during overwintering affects reproductive success of those bees remains largely unknown. In a semi-field experiment we assessed individual life-long reproductive success of 144 females of the solitary bee species Osmia bicornis that had been wintered at three different temperatures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Environ Manage
January 2025
INRAE, Aix-Marseille Univ., UMR RECOVER, Aix-en-Provence, France.
Drought stress during the plant's growing season is a serious constraint to plant establishment in arid and semiarid Mediterranean ecosystems. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as environmentally friendly and innovative management approach can be used to produce seedlings better adapted to these environments. We tested native PGPR strains isolated from drought-tolerant tree and shrub species originating from two climatically contrasting regions: hot-dry (Dehloran) and milder Mediterranean climate (Ilam).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Total Environ
January 2025
School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory for Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China. Electronic address:
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are emitted by urban vegetation and can interact with anthropogenic pollutants to generate secondary organic aerosols (SOA) that are atmospheric pollutants in urban environments. In urban forests, SOA comprise up to 90 % of all fine aerosols (particulate matter smaller than 1 μm [PM]) in the summer. PM can greatly affect urban air quality and public health.
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