BCG is one of the vaccines used, as control arm, in an ongoing large scale comparative leprosy vaccine trial in South India. The objective of the present study was to examine, in the local population, the sensitizing ability, as measured by skin test reactions to tuberculin, and reactogenecity, in terms of skin lesions at the site of vaccination, for the two batches of BCG vaccine used in the above trial. The study was undertaken in 816 tuberculin-negative, previously not vaccinated school children, aged five to 14 years. Each child received one of the two batches of BCG vaccine or normal saline (control), by random allocation. At 12 weeks from vaccination, character and size of local response, at the vaccination site, were recorded. At the same time, the children were retested with tuberculin and post-vaccination reactions to the test were measured after 72 hours. At three years after vaccination all available children were re-examined for the presence and size of BCG scar at the site of vaccination. It was found that healing of vaccination lesions was uneventful, with both batches of BCG. The mean size of the lesion was similar for the two batches, the overall mean being 6.3 mm. The mean size of post-vaccination tuberculin sensitivity increased with age, and it was 14.5 mm and 15.6 mm. The sensitizing effect attributable to the vaccine was 11 mm and 12 mm, for the two batches of BCG respectively. This study showed that the two batches of BCG, in a dose of 0.1 mg, used in the ongoing leprosy vaccine trial were acceptable in terms of vaccination lesion and were highly satisfactory in terms of development of hypersensitivity.
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Infect Dis Poverty
December 2024
Leiden University Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Background: Detection of infection with Mycobacterium leprae allows timely prophylactic treatment, thereby reducing transmission as well as the risk of permanent, leprosy-associated nerve damage. However, since there is no worldwide-implemented standard test for M. leprae infection, detection of infection in asymptomatic individuals remains a major challenge for control programs in endemic areas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmaceutics
November 2024
Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil.
: Tuberculosis continues to be a significant global health concern, causing 1.3 million deaths in 2022, particularly affecting children under 5 years old. The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, developed in 1921, remains the primary defense against tuberculosis but requires modernized production methods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolymers (Basel)
October 2024
School of Agro-Industry, Mae Fah Luang University, 333 Moo 1 Tasud, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.
This study involved producing aerogels using activated carbon (AC) and nanocellulose (NC). Two distinct structured composites, AC composite aerogel (ACCA) and NC composite aerogel (NCCA), were developed by separately mixing AC and NC with identical proportions of cross-linked biopolymers: hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), methylcellulose (MC), and chitosan (C). These aerogels were evaluated for their capability to adsorb ethylene gas through batch experiments, while the physical and chemical characteristics were thoroughly examined to determine their feasibility of removing ethylene.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
October 2024
Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand.
A co-substrate model of Candida tropicalis TISTR 5306 cultivated in 10 - 100 g/L xylose and 1 - 10 g/L glucose at the ratio of 10:1 was developed based in part on modified Monod equation. The kinetic parameters include substrate limitation as well as substrate and product inhibitions with inclusion of threshold values. A general good fitting with average RSS, R, and MS values of 162, 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBraz J Microbiol
September 2024
Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand.
This study explored the isolation and screening of an osmotolerant yeast, Wickerhamomyces anomalus BKK11-4, which is proficient in utilizing renewable feedstocks for sugar alcohol production. In batch fermentation with high initial glucose concentrations, W. anomalus BKK11-4 exhibited notable production of glycerol and arabitol.
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