Chlormezanone, a chiral centrally acting muscle relaxant, will be cleaved at its S-C-1 bond by an autoprotolytic process. The optimum of chemical stability exists between pH 2 up to pH 9 with a maximum at pH 7.4. The plasma half life at 37 degrees C is 76 h. Enzymes do attack the products of cleavage namely 4-chlorobenzaldehyde and 2-carboxyethane-sulfinic-acid-N-methyl-amide. The main metabolite in urine is 4-chlorohippuric acid in the range of up to 70% of the oral administered dose to humans. No cytochrome P-450 is engaged in the cleavage of the S-C-bond.
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J Chin Med Assoc
January 2025
Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
Tadalafil is a selective phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor commonly used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Its mechanism of action involves the inhibition of PDE5, leading to increased levels of nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate in the corpus cavernosum, which facilitates smooth muscle relaxation. This article reviews studies using tadalafil in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and emphasizes its potential advantages in conditions such as pulmonary arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, diabetic ulcers, and cardiomyopathy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Commun Signal
January 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25, Taiping Road, Lu Zhou, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
This review comprehensively explores the critical role of calcium as an essential small-molecule biomessenger in skeletal muscle function. Calcium is vital for both regulating muscle excitation-contraction coupling and for the development, maintenance, and regeneration of muscle cells. The orchestrated release of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is mediated by receptors such as the ryanodine receptor (RYR) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), which is crucial for skeletal muscle contraction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Over half of ambulatory older adults are prescribed at least one anticholinergic medication to address a myriad of conditions, including incontinence, allergies, anxiety and insomnia. Longitudinal studies suggest an association between anticholinergic exposure and risk of dementia. Prior studies often rely on crude exposure measures (use vs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComb Chem High Throughput Screen
January 2025
Department of Andrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
Background And Aim: As a classical formula to invigorate blood circulation, Huoxue Tongluo Qiwei Decoction (HTQD) can effectively treat hypertensive erectile dysfunction (ED), but its exact mechanism of action is not yet clear. The goal of this research was to explore the potential mechanism of HTQD in improving hypertensive erectile dysfunction in rats through transcriptomics, network pharmacology, and associated animal experimentations.
Methods: The HTQD chemical constituents were screened using high-performance liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS).
Discov Med (Cham)
January 2025
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada.
Background: Microvascular dysfunction (MVD) is a recognized sign of disease in heart failure progression. Intact blood vessels exhibit abnormal vasoreactivity in early stage, subsequently deteriorating to rarefaction and reduced perfusion. In managing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), earlier diagnosis is key to improving management.
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