Graft rejection following bone marrow transplantation is more common in patients who receive their grafts from alternative donors and whose marrow is T cell depleted. Rejection in these patients is mediated by persistent host cells that interfere with successful establishment of donor-derived hematopoietic recovery. We describe a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia in accelerated phase who rejected a T cell-depleted bone marrow graft, 2 months following partially mismatched related donor bone marrow transplant. Unmanipulated peripheral blood donor leukocyte infusion, without additional chemotherapy or immunosuppressive therapy resulted in complete hematopoietic recovery. Cytogenetics and RFLP demonstrated hematopoietic donor chimerism. The patient did not develop graft-versus-host disease.
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