Transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and mortality was studied among infants of infected women in Zimbabwe. Of 367 infants born to HIV-infected women, 72 (19.6%) died compared with 20 (5.4%) of 372 infants of uninfected women (P < .01). Infection by HIV DNA polymerase chain reaction among infants who survived >7 days and died within 2 years could be assessed in 87% (58/67) of infants of infected women and 83% (5/6) of infants of uninfected women; transmission occurred in 40 of 58 infants. Among 27 infected infants tested at birth, 19 (70%), 5 (19%), and 3 (11%) were apparently infected via in utero, intrapartum or early postpartum, and late postpartum transmission, respectively. The majority of HIV-infected infants who died in the first 2 years of life were likely to have acquired in utero infection.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/515604 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Beyond the Atypical: Gastrointestinal Manifestations in Kawasaki Disease.
Cureus
December 2024
General Pediatrics, Al Qassimi Women's and Children's Hospital, Sharjah, ARE.
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute vasculitis mainly seen in children, with a specific risk for coronary artery involvement. Atypical symptoms can sometimes result in missed diagnoses, delaying necessary treatment and increasing the chances of serious cardiovascular complications. We report a case of a six-month-old previously healthy girl who had not been vaccinated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInteractions of human milk oligosaccharides with the immune system.
Front Immunol
January 2025
School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are abundant, diverse and complex sugars present in human breast milk. HMOs are well-characterized barriers to microbial infection and by modulating the human microbiome they are also thought to be nutritionally beneficial to the infant. The structural variety of over 200 HMOs, including neutral, fucosylated and sialylated forms, allows them to interact with the immune system in various ways.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground infections pose a significant challenge in low- and middle-income countries, contributing to child mortality. is linked to acute gastrointestinal illness and severe long-term consequences, including environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) and stunting. In 2018, our cross-sectional study in Ethiopia detected in 88% of stools from children aged 12-15 months, with an average of 11 species per stool using meta-total RNA sequencing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection hospitalizations in infants and poses a significantly higher risk of respiratory failure than SARS-CoV-2. The mechanisms underlying these differences remain unclear. We analyzed blood samples from infants (median age 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDynamic analysis of the epidemiology and pathogen distribution of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in children with severe pulmonary infection: a retrospective study.
Ital J Pediatr
January 2025
Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Henan, China.
Background: Severe pulmonary infection is the primary cause of death in children aged < 5 years. The early identification of pathogenic bacteria and targeted anti-infective therapies can significantly improve the prognosis of children with severe infections. This study aims to provide a reference for the rational use of antibiotics at an early stage in children with severe pulmonary infections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!