Environmental heat illnesses range from irksome to devastating. People at particular risk are the elderly, the chronically mentally ill, the community-dwelling developmentally delayed, people without social contacts, athletes, and those without access to air-conditioning. Because heat-related deaths are preventable, community-wide response to heat emergencies, together with individual and community education programs, could greatly decrease morbidity and mortality.
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Heat stroke (HS) represents a life‑endangering condition that is due to an imbalance between heat generation and dissipation, owing to exposure to hot environments or strenuous exercise. HS is a medical condition that is gaining increased prevalence throughout the world due to a steady rise in temperature, and massive mortalities have been recorded among vulnerable populations. In 2024, extreme heat waves led to increased cases of HS and related fatalities globally, particularly in Karachi, Pakistan.
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Heat waves are a significant environmental issue threatening global human health. Extreme temperatures can lead to various heat-related illnesses, with heatstroke being among the most severe. Currently, there are no effective treatments to mitigate the multi-organ damage caused by heatstroke.
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