Objectives: To determine the living conditions of people and to compare the results with census figures.
Design: Cross sectional.
Setting: A high density dormitory suburb of Harare, Zimbabwe.
Subjects: 108 stands containing 293 households were surveyed in 1990 and 90 stands containing 454 households in 1993.
Main Outcome Measure: Crowding index.
Results: An average increase of five people per stand in the three years to an average of 15 to 18 people on each stand was observed, allowing 16.4 to 19.6 m2 per person. Although the number of households living in one room increased from 101 (48.6%) in 1990 to 243 (72.5%) in 1993, the actual number of people per room did not increase. The Chitungwiza population was older than the overall population in Zimbabwe with an increased proportion of men of working age. About one tenth (10.8%) of heads of households who were resident for more than 20 years were still lodgers and 77.0% of these heads of households maintained that they still had a rural home. About three quarters (76.4%) of households had no kitchen and 74.1% of all households cooked on paraffin stoves or occasionally wood fires.
Conclusion: Many new rooms had been built on the stands leading to overcrowding with possible implications for health.
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ChemSusChem
January 2025
Harbin University of Science and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, CHINA.
In the pursuit of high-energy-density lithium metal batteries (LMBs), the development of stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is critical to address issues such as lithium dendrite growth and low Coulombic efficiency. Herein, we propose a facile strategy for the in-situ fabrication of a LiCl-rich artificial SEI layer on Li surfaces through reaction of MoCl5 with Li (Li@MoCl5). The resulting artificial SEI significantly enhances the uniformity of Li deposition, effectively suppresses dendrite formation, and improves electrochemical performance.
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January 2025
CSIR Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute, EMDD, 196 Raja S C Mullick Road, 700032, Kolkata, INDIA.
The advancement of photocatalytic technology for solar-driven hydrogen (H2) production remains hindered by several challenges in developing efficient photocatalysts. A key issue is the rapid recombination of charge carriers, which significantly limits the light-harvesting ability of materials like BiOCl and Cu2SnS3 quantum dots (CTS QDs), despite the faster charge mobility and quantum confinement effect, respectively. Herein, a BiOCl/CTS (BCTS) heterostructure was synthesized by loading CTS QDs onto BiOCl 2D nanosheets (NSs), that demonstrated excellent photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLipids
January 2025
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peoples Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China.
Lipid-lowering drugs have been used in clinics widely. It is unclear whether the drugs have an effect on renal failure. We chose high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ieu-b-109), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ieu-a-300), triglyceride (ieu-b-111), and total cholesterol (ebi-a-GCST90038690) as exposures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Res Notes
January 2025
Department of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Objectives: Positive resection margins after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) most often demands a repeat surgery. To preoperatively identify patients at risk of positive margins, a multivariable model has been developed that predicts positive margins after BCS with a high accuracy. This study aimed to externally validate this prediction model to explore its generalizability and assess if additional preoperatively available variables can further improve its predictive accuracy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Obes (Lond)
January 2025
Center for Optometry, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
Background: Multiple meta-analyses (MAs) have demonstrated that six pharmacotherapies, including orlistat, liraglutide, phentermine/topiramate, naltrexone/bupropion, semaglutide, and tirzepatide, improve weight loss and weight maintenance. However, few studies have synthesized and evaluated the quality of this evidence.
Objective: To identify the relevant MAs of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that explored the association between the six pharmacotherapies and obesity-related health outcomes and adverse events (AEs).
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