The presence of antibodies against Norwalk virus (NV) was studied in sera from different Venezuelan populations, using an enzyme immuno-assay (EIA) based on recombinant NV protein. Antibodies to NV were found in 47%-53% of urban subjects from Caracas, 83% of rural subjects from the west of the country, and 73%-93% of Amerindian subjects. The prevalences found in the rural and Amerindian groups were significantly higher than that in the urban group. Although about 50% of the children studied were seropositive for NV by the age of 5 years, only four (0.4%) of 1120 faecal samples from children with diarrhoea which were tested for the presence of NV antigen by sandwich EIA were found positive. An increase of at least 4-fold in the titre of anti-NV IgA was found in three (5%) of 61 pairs of sera taken during and 1 month after an acute episode of diarrhoea not due to rotavirus. NV was therefore not a predominant aetiological cause of gastro-enteritis in young children in Venezuela between 1993 and 1995, although it can be the cause of diarrhoea in infants.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Norovirus replication, host interactions and vaccine advances.
Nat Rev Microbiol
January 2025
Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide in all age groups and cause significant disease and economic burden globally. To date, no approved vaccines or antiviral therapies are available to treat or prevent HuNoV illness. Several candidate vaccines are in clinical trials, although potential barriers to successful development must be overcome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrobubble-Protected Oncolytic Virotherapy Targeted by Sonoporation Induces Tumor Necrosis and T-Lymphocyte Infiltration in Humanized Mice Bearing Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.
Int J Mol Sci
December 2024
Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Cancer Center & Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
Oncolytic virotherapy has shown great promise in mediating targeted tumor destruction through tumor-selective replication and induction of anti-tumor immunity; however, obstacles remain for virus candidates to reach the clinic. These include avoiding neutralizing antibodies, preventing stimulation of the adaptive immune response during intravenous administration, and inducing sufficient apoptosis and immune activation so that the body's defense can work to eradicate systemic disease. We have developed a co-formulation of oncolytic viruses (OVs) with Imagent lipid-encapsulated, perfluorocarbon microbubbles (MBs) to protect the OVs from the innate and adaptive immune system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLack of Detection of Norwalk Virus in Saliva Samples From a Controlled Human Infection Model.
Open Forum Infect Dis
November 2024
Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
Following recent reports of norovirus replication in salivary gland cells, we examined whether the prototype norovirus strain, Norwalk virus (GI.1), could be detected in the saliva of 21 experimentally infected persons. Viral RNA was not detected in saliva 2 and 7 days after challenge despite high levels being present in feces.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFINTRA- AND INTER-HOST EVOLUTION OF HUMAN NOROVIRUS IN HEALTHY ADULTS.
bioRxiv
September 2024
Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
Background: Human noroviruses are a leading cause of acute and sporadic gastroenteritis worldwide. The evolution of human noroviruses in immunocompromised persons has been evaluated in many studies. Much less is known about the evolutionary dynamics of human norovirus in healthy adults.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCorrelation of Genogroup I, Genotype 1 (GI.1) Norovirus Neutralizing Antibody Levels With GI.1 Histo-Blood Group Antigen-Blocking Antibody Levels.
J Infect Dis
December 2024
Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
Background: The in vitro cultivation of human noroviruses allows a comparison of antibody levels measured in neutralization and histo-blood group antigen (HBGA)-blocking assays.
Methods: Serum samples collected during the evaluation of an investigational norovirus vaccine (HIL-214 [formerly TAK-214]) were assayed for neutralizing antibody levels against the vaccine's prototype Norwalk virus/genogroup I, genotype 1 (GI.1) (P1) virus strain.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!