Cholesterol testing and management: a national comparison of family physicians, general internists, and cardiologists.

Background: We wanted to compare the frequency of cholesterol testing and treatment of hypercholesterolemia in patients cared for by family physicians, general internists, and cardiologists.

Methods: This study was a continuous cross-sectional survey of 1991 ambulatory office visits using a national probability sample of US physicians' office practices (National Ambulatory Care Survey). The physicians surveyed self-reported their specialty as family practice, internal medicine, or cardiology. Records of 33,795 patient visits to 1354 physicians were reviewed to find out whether the physicians reported cholesterol testing, cholesterol counseling, and charting of patient use of lipid-lowering medications. The results were compared among the three specialist groups.

Results: During an annual health examination (9.77 million office visits), a cholesterol test was reported by 23.5 percent of family physicians, 43.5 percent of internists, and 13.1 percent of cardiologists (P < 0.01). For all hypercholesterolemic patients (23.52 million office visits), the age- and sex-adjusted percentages of reported cholesterol-reduction counseling during office visits were 38.3 percent for family physicians, 42.4 percent for internists, and 36.5 percent by cardiologists (NS), and percentages of reported lipid-lowering medication prescriptions were 13.4 percent for family physicians, 25.1 percent for internists, and 28.4 percent for cardiologists (P < 0.01). In hypercholesterolemic patients with coronary heart disease (3.47 million office visits), the age- and sex-adjusted percentages of cholesterol reduction counseling reported during office visits were 64.4 percent for family physicians, 47.1 percent for internists, and 35.9 percent for cardiologists (NS) and the age- and sex-adjusted percentages of lipid-lowering medication prescriptions reported were 13.9 percent for family physicians, 62.5 percent for internists, and 34.7 percent for cardiologists (P < 0.01).

Conclusions: Recommended goals regarding cholesterol testing and management were not reached by any physician group. Internists tested for hypercholesterolemia during an annual health examination more frequently and had more patients using lipid-lowering medications than did family physicians or cardiologists. Understanding the reasons for these specialty differences might lead to improvement in the diagnosis and management of hypercholesterolemia and therefore reduction in cardiovascular disease.