To indicate the immunotoxic potential of chemicals the examinations prescribed by OECD Guideline 407 were extended by the following additional toxicological, haematological, histopathological, and immune function examinations: absolute and relative organ weight of spleen, thymus, popliteal lymph nodes, lung and brain; histopathology of thymus, mesenteric lymph nodes, popliteal lymph nodes, bone marrow (femur), Peyer's patches (ileum), lungs and colon; PFC assay (spleen), T cell proliferation and NK cell assay. Two well known immunosuppressants Azathioprine (AZA) and Cyclosporine A (CysA) were chosen as model compounds at a dose range which do not cause visible toxic signs on the animals during a 28 days treatment period. The results show that the applied experimental system is much more sensitive in detection of the immunotoxic potential of these two compounds in a low dose range than the examination required by OECD Guideline 407 are.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719801700402 | DOI Listing |
Environ Int
January 2025
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 00826, Republic of Korea; Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 00826, Republic of Korea; Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Interdisciplinary Programs in Agricultural Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul 00826, Republic of Korea; Green Bio Science & Technology, Bio-Food Industrialization, Seoul National University, 1447 Pyeongchang-daero, Daehwa-myeon, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do 25354, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
Hepatic metabolism is an important process for evaluate the potential activity and toxicity of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) metabolites. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has advocated the development of in vitro assays that mimic in vivo hepatic metabolism to eventually replace classical animal tests. In response to this need, we established a 3D mouse liver organoid (mLO) platform that mimics the animal model and is distinct from existing models.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Toxicol Sci
January 2025
Safety Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation.
The human Cell Line Activation Test (h-CLAT) is an in vitro skin sensitization assay adopted by the OECD as Test Guideline 442E. In the h-CLAT, 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) is used as a positive control; however, DNCB is considered a poisonous substance under the Poisonous and Deleterious Substances Control Act in Japan since 2014 because of its high acute toxicity. Strict control, handling, and storage are required when using DNCB, which is a burden to the users.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToxics
December 2024
Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan.
Non-animal assessment of skin sensitization is a global trend. Recently, scientific efforts have been focused on the integration of multiple evidence for decision making with the publication of OECD Guideline No. 497 for defined approaches to skin sensitization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAquat Toxicol
December 2024
Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S C Mullick Road, 700032, Kolkata, India. Electronic address:
Early life stage (ELS) toxicity testing in fish is a crucial test procedure used to evaluate the long-term effects of a wide range of chemicals, including pesticides, industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and food additives. This test is particularly important for screening and prioritizing thousands of chemicals under the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) regulation. In silico methods can be used to estimate the toxicity of a chemical when no experimental data is available and to reduce the cost, time, and resources involved in the experimentation process.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToxicol In Vitro
December 2024
Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. Electronic address:
There is growing scientific and regulatory interest in transcriptomic points of departure (tPOD) values from high-throughput in vitro experiments. To further help democratize tPOD research, here we outline 'TPD-seq' which links microplate-based exposure methods involving cell lines for human (Caco-2, Hep G2) and environmental (rainbow trout RTgill-W1) health, with a commercially available RNA-seq kit, with a cloud-based bioinformatics tool (ExpressAnalyst.ca).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!