For the organism, adaptation corresponds to a physiological response to a problem raised by a modification in the internal medium and/or the environment while preserving homeostasis. Adaptations to muscle exercise can involve changes in metabolic, respiratory, or nutritional, or nutritional functions or any other modifications whose endpoint is the production more ATP for further muscle exercise. Adaptations occur at all the levels of the oxygen transport chain. We will thus focus successively on the notions of VO2max, ventilatory adaptations, thresholds, respiratory exchange, cardiac and vascular adaptations and peripheral adaptations.
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