We evaluated the relationship of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and neutrophils to pulmonary function in healthy smokers. Smokers in whom levels of CEA were greater than 5.0 ng/ml (n = 70) and in whom CEA levels were 5.0 ng/ml or less (n = 693) had significantly higher mean concentrations of leukocytes and neutrophils than non-smokers (n = 651) (leukocytes: 6,883 +/- 1,889/mm3 or 5,581 +/- 1,457/mm3 vs. 4,507 +/- 1,111/mm3, p < 0.01; neutrophils: 4,389 +/- 1,542/mm3 or 3,343 +/- 1,164/mm3 vs. 2,700 +/- 884/mm3, p < 0.01). Differences in the ratio of vital capacity to the predicted vital capacity (%VC) were not significant. In addition, the ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity (FEV 1.0%) in smokers with CEA levels greater than 5.0 ng/ml was decreased compared with smokers with CEA levels of 5.0 ng/ml or less and in non-smokers (90.2 +/- 8.4% vs. 93.3 +/- 6.7% or 92.9 +/- 6.5%, p < 0.01). These results suggest that in healthy smokers high serum CEA levels are related to a decreased FEV 1.0%.
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