According to the statistics prepared by health insurance carriers community-acquired pneumonia has an incidence of some 300,000 to 400,000 cases per year. In old age (more than 80 years), the mortality rate increases from 20 to 2000 per 100,000 head of the population, that is, by a factor of 100. The former classification into "typical" and "untypical" pneumonia has now been abandoned, the modern approach being that of "calculated antibiotic therapy" that involves the placing of patients in "risk groups". To each risk group a probable pathogen spectrum is assigned and a recommendation for the selection of an appropriate antibiotic then made. Thus, for example, for the pathogen spectrum in group 1 (ambulatory patients under 60 years of age and no major secondary diseases), the macrolides are the antibiotics of first choice. The procedure to be followed in the other risk groups and in the event of treatment failures is discussed. Criteria that identify the need for hospitalization are presented.
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