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Improvement of the accuracy in measuring cryogenic hot spot mix by multi-channel Ross filter pairs through a two-temperature model of hot spot electron temperature.
Rev Sci Instrum
January 2025
Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China.
In inertial confinement fusion experiments, hot spot mix caused by hydrodynamic instabilities is a critical performance limitation. Currently, multi-channel Ross filter pair imaging is used to quantitatively diagnose the mix mass of cryogenic hot spots driven by 100 kJ energy, but this method brings significant uncertainty. To measure the level of mix more accurately, we have developed a two-temperature model to modify the fitted bremsstrahlung spectra based on the characteristics of cryogenic implosion hot spots.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFConvergent-beam attosecond x-ray crystallography.
Struct Dyn
January 2025
Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
Sub-ångström spatial resolution of electron density coupled with sub-femtosecond to few-femtosecond temporal resolution is required to directly observe the dynamics of the electronic structure of a molecule after photoinitiation or some other ultrafast perturbation, such as by soft X-rays. Meeting this challenge, pushing the field of quantum crystallography to attosecond timescales, would bring insights into how the electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom couple, enable the study of quantum coherences involved in molecular dynamics, and ultimately enable these dynamics to be controlled. Here, we propose to reach this realm by employing convergent-beam x-ray crystallography with high-power attosecond pulses from a hard-x-ray free-electron laser.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF3D Femtosecond Laser Beam Deflection for High-Precision Fabrication and Modulation of Individual Voxelated PCM Meta-Atoms.
Adv Sci (Weinh)
January 2025
Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China.
Optical metasurfaces have found widespread applications in the field of optoelectronic devices. However, achieving dynamic and flexible control over metasurface functionalities, while also developing simplified fabrication methods for metasurfaces, continues to pose a significant challenge. Here, the study introduces a PCM-only metasurface that exclusively consists of voxel units crafted from different phases of phase-change materials.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPorous carbons with complex 3D geometries via selective laser sintering of whey powder.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología del Carbono, INCAR-CSIC, c/Francisco Pintado Fe 26, Oviedo, 33011, Spain.
In addition to the inherent limitations of carbons to melt or flow, a vast majority of carbon precursors deforms during carbonisation, with stereolithography of thermoset resins being the preferred technology for 3D printing of carbons. An alternative is now presented with the possibility of using a melting-based technology, selective laser sintering (SLS), to fabricate 3D structures that withstand carbonisation. The key factor that makes this happen is whey powder, a natural, abundant and cheap by-product of the dairy industry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImpact of vial quality on interactions, particle formation, container closure integrity, and gas permeability for frozen drug product storage.
Eur J Pharm Sci
January 2025
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, 81377 Munich, Germany.
The frozen storage of biopharmaceuticals brings new challenges to the primary packaging material. Due to an increasing demand and the downsides of standard type I glass vials, such as vial breakage, novel vial types for special applications of parenteral drug products have been introduced to the market in the past years. Mechanical stresses due to dimensional changes experienced during freezing and thawing could change the material properties, hence affecting the interaction with the drug product stored in the vial or functionality such as overall integrity.
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