An assessment of preferences between task variation and task repetition with four adults with profound developmental disabilities was implemented. After participants were exposed to both task variation and task repetition conditions, they were allowed to choose between them. Results showed that all participants had strong preferences; three preferred task variation and one task repetition. Aspects of the assessment and use of assessment data for planning daily work conditions were discussed.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0891-4222(97)00051-6 | DOI Listing |
J Int AIDS Soc
January 2025
Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of antiretroviral drugs as post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for preventing HIV acquisition for occupational and non-occupational exposures. To inform the development of global WHO recommendations on PEP, we reviewed national guidelines of PEP for their recommendations.
Methods: Policies addressing PEP from 38 WHO HIV priority countries were obtained by searching governmental and non-governmental websites and consulting country and regional experts; these countries were selected based on HIV burden, new HIV acquisitions and the number of HIV-associated deaths.
J Multidiscip Healthc
January 2025
Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society (NVS), Division of Occupational Therapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Background: The care of older persons is facing several challenges, especially as care tasks are becoming increasingly rationalized with less opportunity for relational engagement between nurse assistants and older persons. Evidence suggests this engagement is needed to promote well-being and satisfaction among the older persons with whom they work. The aim of this study was to explore how care, in the context of worker perspectives, is understood and experienced in home or residential care facilities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComput Biol Med
January 2025
School of Information Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China. Electronic address:
In the treatment of brain tumors, accurate diagnosis and treatment heavily rely on reliable brain tumor segmentation, where multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays a pivotal role by providing valuable complementary information. This integration significantly enhances the performance of brain tumor segmentation. However, due to the uneven grayscale distribution, irregular shapes, and significant size variations in brain tumor images, this task remains highly challenging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHumans excel at applying learned behavior to unlearned situations. A crucial component of this generalization behavior is our ability to compose/decompose a whole into reusable parts, an attribute known as compositionality. One of the fundamental questions in robotics concerns this characteristic: How can linguistic compositionality be developed concomitantly with sensorimotor skills through associative learning, particularly when individuals only learn partial linguistic compositions and their corresponding sensorimotor patterns? To address this question, we propose a brain-inspired neural network model that integrates vision, proprioception, and language into a framework of predictive coding and active inference on the basis of the free-energy principle.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
IBM Research, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
For optimizing production yield while limiting negative environmental impact, sustainable agriculture benefits from real-time, on-the-spot chemical analysis of soil at low cost. Colorimetric paper sensors are ideal candidates, however, their automated readout and analysis in the field is needed. Using mobile technology for paper sensor readout could, in principle, enable the application of machine-learning models for transforming colorimetric data into threshold-based classes that represent chemical concentration.
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