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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.1.6023.1470-b | DOI Listing |
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Continuous Abrupt Vegetation Shifts in the Global Terrestrial Ecosystem.
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Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China.
Previous studies have primarily focused on single abrupt shifts; however, the actual ecosystem will experience continuous abrupt shifts (CAS), including different directions shifts (DDS) and same direction shifts (SDS). The patterns and drivers of these CAS remain unclear. We examined the patterns of the DDS and SDS by two vegetation datasets and then tested climate drivers comprising atmospheric temperature (MAT), atmospheric precipitation (MAP), soil temperature (ST) and soil water content (SW); finally, hysteresis effects were examined with reference to principal drivers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReconciling Variability in Multiple Stressor Effects Using Environmental Performance Curves.
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Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Environment and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Understanding the effects of multiple stressors has become a major focus in ecology and evolution. While many studies have investigated the combined effects of stressors, revealing massive variability, a mechanistic understanding that reconciles the diversity of multiple stressor outcomes is lacking. Here, we show how performance curves can fill this gap by revealing mechanisms that shape multiple stressor outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAbsorption spectroscopy is a widely used non-contact combustion diagnostic technique. HO is frequently used as the target molecule for combustion temperature measurement. However, correcting the baseline in broadened absorption spectroscopy under high pressure remains challenging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn this Letter, we show the attraction of a microbubble at a fiber end face by the solute Marangoni force. The microbubble is formed by partial filling of an ethanol-water mixture in the microcavity that is spliced to the end face of a single-mode fiber. Due to different surface tension of ethanol and water, the uneven temperature gradient induced by a laser causes the non-uniform distribution of ethanol-water molecules on the bubble surface.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe extreme electromagnetic near-field environment of nanoplasmonic resonators and metamaterials can give rise to unprecedented electromagnetic heating effects, enabling large and manipulable temperature gradients on the order of 10-10 K/nm. In this Letter, by interfacing traditional semiconductor quantum dots with industry-grade plasmonic transducer technology, we demonstrate that the near-field-induced thermal gradient can facilitate the requisite population inversion for coherent phonon amplification and lasing at the nanoscale. Our detailed analysis uncovers both the characteristics and parameter sensitivity of inversion and relaxation oscillations in the system, thereby unveiling hitherto unexplored opportunities for leveraging plasmonic near-field effects in the context of quantum thermodynamics and phononics.
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