Polarization of T lymphocytes towards type 1 (T1) or type 2 (T2) subsets producing a distinct array of cytokines plays a role in several diseases and could be used for therapeutic intervention. Bearing this purpose in mind, we have established suitable in vitro conditions to drive resting polyclonal human T cells towards stable T1 or T2 polarization profiles. Unselected peripheral lymphocytes from normal donors were primed with soluble anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody in the presence of selected sets of recombinant (r) human cytokines. Following this priming process the cytokine secretion profiles of the recovered T cells were assayed after restimulation, both at the population and single-cell levels. A marked shift towards T2 profile, characterized by heightened production of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13, was obtained after priming in the presence of rIL-4 alone. Addition of rIL-2 partially antagonized this effect. In contrast, priming in the presence of rIL-2 and rIL-12 induced a shift towards a T1 pattern characterized by increased productions of IFN-gamma and IL-2. Strikingly, the T2 profile appeared more stable in culture than the T1 profile. We also observed that the CD4+ helper T cell subset was the major producer of T1 and T2 cytokines after restimulation. These results establish in vitro parameters to deliberately and reproducibly activate resting polyclonal T cells towards a defined and persistent cytokine secretion profile. Autologous T cells polarized under these conditions could be passively transferred as a therapeutic approach in diseases thought to result from imbalance between T1 and T2 responses.
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