Simultaneous measurements of electrochemical characteristics and tracer fluxes have been made using large spherical bilayer lipid membranes (1-2 cm2 area). The results obtained show the predominant contribution of electrically silent chloride molecules to the fluxes through unmodified membranes. In cases of valinomycin modified (valinomycin concentration=10(-7)M) membranes (in 0.1 M solutions of KCl, RbCl and CsCl) the fluxes are determined exclusively by cations. The membrane permeability for 22Na, in 0.1 NaCl solution, does not depend on the valinomycin concentration. The selectivity sequences obtained by electrochemical and tracer methods are compared and discussed.
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Sci Rep
January 2025
School of Computer Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
Extracting high-order abstract patterns from complex high-dimensional data forms the foundation of human cognitive abilities. Abstract visual reasoning involves identifying abstract patterns embedded within composite images, considered a core competency of machine intelligence. Traditional neuro-symbolic methods often infer unknown objects through data fitting, without fully exploring the abstract patterns within composite images and the sequential sensitivity of visual sequences.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurosci Methods
January 2025
School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Gallogly College of Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
Background: Recent advances in multimodal signal analysis enable the identification of subtle drug-induced anomalies in sleep that traditional methods often miss.
New Method: We develop and introduce the Dynamic Representation of Multimodal Activity and Markov States (DREAMS) framework, which embeds explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) techniques to model hidden state transitions during sleep using tensorized EEG, EMG, and EOG signals from 22 subjects across three age groups (18-29, 30-49, and 50-66 years). By combining Tucker decomposition with probabilistic Hidden Markov Modeling, we quantified age-specific, temazepam-induced hidden states and significant differences in transition probabilities.
Physiol Meas
January 2025
Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10 postbus 2440 3001 LEUVEN Belgium, Leuven, Flanders, 3000, BELGIUM.
Sleep staging is a crucial task in clinical and research contexts for diagnosing and understanding sleep disorders. This work introduces PhysioEx, a Python library designed to support the analysis of sleep stages using deep learning and Explainable AI (XAI). Approach: PhysioEx provides an extensible and modular API for standardizing and automating the sleep staging pipeline, covering data preprocessing, model training, testing, fine-tuning, and explainability.
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January 2025
Department of Theoretical Electrical Engineering and Diagnostics of Electrical Equipment, Institute of Electrodynamics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Beresteyskiy, 56, Kyiv-57, Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine.
Off-grid water pumping systems (OGWPS) have become an increasingly popular area of research in the search for sustainable energy solutions. This paper presents a finite element method (FEM)-based design and analysis of Brushless-DC (BLDC) and Switched Reluctance Motors (SRM) designed for low-power water pumping applications. Utilizing adaptive finite element analysis (FEA), both motors were designed with identical ratings and design parameters to ensure a fair comparison.
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January 2025
Department of Industrial Engineering/Graduate School of Data Science/Research Center for Electrical and Information Science, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea.
Electric load forecasting is crucial in the planning and operating electric power companies. It has evolved from statistical methods to artificial intelligence-based techniques that use machine learning models. In this study, we investigate short-term load forecasting (STLF) for large-scale electricity usage datasets.
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