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Does randomization assert the balance across trial arms? Revisiting Worrall's criticism.
Hist Philos Life Sci
January 2025
Faculty of Philosophy, Institute of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, Grodzka 52, Kraków, Poland.
We revisit John Worrall's old but still prominent argument against the view that randomization balances the impact of both known and unknown confounders across the treatment and control arms. We argue that his argument involving indefinitely many possible confounders is at odds with statistical theory as it (1) presumes that the purpose of randomized studies is obtaining perfect point estimates for which perfect balance is needed; (2) mistakes equalizing each confounder with the overall (average) impact of all confounders, and (3) assumes that the joint effect of an infinite series of confounders cannot be bounded. We defend the role of randomization in balancing the impact of confounders across the treatment and control arms by putting forward the statistical sense of the balance claim.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnterprise internal audit data encryption based on blockchain technology.
PLoS One
January 2025
Taiyuan University, Taiyuan, China.
Internal auditing demands innovative and secure solutions in today's business environment, with increasing competitive pressure and frequent occurrences of risky and illegal behaviours. Blockchain along with secure databases like encryption improves internal audit security through immutability and transparency. Hence integrating blockchain with homomorphic encryption and multi-factor authentication improves privacy and mitigates computational overhead.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUncovering molecular mechanisms of soybean response to C heavy ion irradiation through integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
January 2025
Plant Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt; Work Station of Science and Technique for Post-doctoral in Sugar Beet Institute Afliated to Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang, China.
Ion beam mutagenesis is an advanced technique capable of inducing substantial changes in plants, resulting in noticeable alterations in their growth. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of radiation on soybeans remain unclear. This study investigates the impact of ionizing radiation on soybean development through a comprehensive approach that integrates transcriptomics and metabolomics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGood Practices for Health Technology Assessment Guideline Development: A Report of the Health Technology Assessment International, HTAsiaLink, and ISPOR Special Task Force.
Value Health
October 2024
Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program (HITAP), Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Objectives: Health technology assessment (HTA) guidelines are intended to support successful implementation of HTA by enhancing consistency and transparency in concepts, methods, process, and use, thereby enhancing the legitimacy of the decision-making process. This report lays out good practices and practical recommendations for developing or updating HTA guidelines to ensure successful implementation.
Methods: The task force was established in 2022 and comprised experts and academics from various geographical regions, each with substantial experience in developing HTA guidelines for national health policymaking.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Healthcare: A Comprehensive Review of Advancements in Diagnostics, Treatment, and Operational Efficiency.
Health Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Microbiology Dr D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed-to-be-University) Pune Maharashtra India.
Background And Aims: Artificial Intelligence (AI) beginning to integrate in healthcare, is ushering in a transformative era, impacting diagnostics, altering personalized treatment, and significantly improving operational efficiency. The study aims to describe AI in healthcare, including important technologies like robotics, machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and natural language processing (NLP), and to investigate how these technologies are used in patient interaction, predictive analytics, and remote monitoring. The goal of this review is to present a thorough analysis of AI's effects on healthcare while providing stakeholders with a road map for navigating this changing environment.
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