[Event-related potential components related to errors].

Event-related potentials (ERPs) of error trials in choice tasks and Go/Nogo tasks are found to be considerably different from the ERPs of the correct trials: In error trial ERPs there is an additional negative (Ne) and an additional positive component (Pe) compared to correct trials. Amplitude and latency variation of both components in different experiments supports the hypothesis that these components reflect different aspects of error processing. The Ne is interpreted as a real-time correlate of error detection, as defined by a mismatch between cognitive representations of the erroneous response and the correct response. The variation of Pe with experimental variables is different from that of the Ne and it also from that of positive components in correct trials, and may therefore reflect an additional aspect of error processing, such as change of response strategies.