In the diagnosis of heart disease--as in other domains of medicine--an integral approach to the patient complaints is essential. Careful observation and evaluation of his personality during medical history taking as well as an optimal clinical examination by palpation and auscultation of the heart, great vessels and lungs may lead to a semiquantitative diagnosis specially in valvular and congenital heart disease. The results of select imaging techniques may therefore be anticipated in these conditions by skilled clinical judgment alone. The palpatory and auscultatory findings are easily explained by the underlying hemodynamics. This article summarizes the most relevant clinical diagnostic clues in valvular and some congenital heart diseases.
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Methods: The AHA, through its Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States and globally to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update with review of published literature through the year before writing.
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