The human ninjurin gene was isolated from a cDNA library enriched for transcripts from band 9q22. A 1.2-kb message was detected for ninjurin in all human tissues studied. The full-length sequence codes for a putative 152-amino-acid protein with 89% identity to the rat ninjurin protein. The mouse homologue was isolated and showed 98% amino acid identity to the rat protein. Mapping by FISH localized mouse ninjurin to mouse chromosome 13, a region that shows synteny with human chromosome 9q22. Genomic characterization of the human gene revealed four exons covering less than 10 kb. The map position of the human gene is between the genetic markers D9S196 and D9S197 on human chromosome band 9q22. This places the gene within the candidate regions for the degenerative neurological disorder hereditary sensory neuropathy type I and the cancer predisposition syndrome multiple self-healing squamous epitheliomata.
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Abrupt-mediated control of ninjurins regulates Drosophila sessile haemocyte compartments.
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- Hemocytes, macrophage-like cells in Drosophila, play a crucial role in the immune response and can be found either circulating or in stationary groups known as sessile hemocyte compartments (SHCs).
- The study identifies the transcription factor Abrupt and Ninjurin cell adhesion molecules as key regulators for the recruitment of hemocytes to SHCs, particularly during the developmental stage of pupariation.
- Manipulations affecting Ninjurin function reveal that it is essential for hemocyte targeting to SHCs; disrupting this function leads to premature dispersal of hemocytes, highlighting the importance of Ninjurin in mediating immune responses and managing hemocyte distribution during development.
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Lytic cell death culminates in plasma membrane rupture, which releases large intracellular molecules to augment the inflammatory response. Plasma membrane rupture is mediated by the effector membrane protein ninjurin-1 (NINJ1), which polymerizes and ruptures the membrane via its hydrophilic face. How NINJ1 is restrained under steady-state conditions to ensure cell survival remains unknown.
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